Lot quality assurance sampling
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Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) is a simple, low cost random sampling methodology developed in the 1920s to control the quality of output in industrial production processes.
LQAS involves taking a small random sample (a 'lot') and then testing a sample of this lot for quality or the desired characteristic.
Folk-lore indicates that 19 'lots' is generally a good number [1], although the justification for this is unclear.