Human-based computation

In computer science, a technique when an algorithm or computational process relies on human abilities to achieve its goal, e.g. to solve a certain computational problem or a set of problems. This approach explores differences in abilities and alternative costs between humans and computer agents to achieve human-computer symbiotic interaction.

Methods of human-based computation

• Interactive genetic algorithm [Sims 1991] enables the user to create an abstract drawing only be selecting his/her favorite images displayed on the computer screen, so human performs fitness computation. [Unemi 1998] Simulated breeding style introduces no explicit fitness, just selection, which is easier for human

• Human-based genetic algorithm [Kosorukoff 1998] uses human selection in the same way as IGA, but also enables users to take part in the innovation performing intelligent mutation and crossover, thus all operators of a typical GA are now outsourced to humans (hence the name human-based)

• Captcha (reverse Turing test) [Lillibridge 1998] Automated tests to distinguish a human user from a computer program using open problems in AI that have no suitable algorithmic solutions

References

1. [Sims 91] Sims, K.: Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics, Computer Graphics, 25(4) (SIGGRAPH'91), 319-328 (1991)
2. [Unemi 98] Unemi, T.: A Design of multi-field user interface for simulated breeding, Proceedings of the Third Asian Fuzzy and Intelligent System Symposium, 489-494 (1998)
3. [Kosorukoff 98] Alex Kosorukoff, Free Knowledge Exchange, web project description
4. [Lillibridge 98] Method for selectively restricting access to computer systems, US Patent 6,195,698
5. [Takagi 01] Hideyuki Takagi (2001), Interactive Evolutionary Computation: Fusion of the Capabilities of EC Optimization and Human Evaluation, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.89, no. 9, pp. 1275-1296
6. [Kosorukoff 01] Alex Kosorukoff, Human-based Genetic Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-2001, 3464-3469
7. [Kosorukoff 02] Alex Kosorukoff, David E. Goldberg, Genetic algorithm as a form of organization, Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO-2002, pp 965-972
8. [von Ahn 03] Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nick Hopper and John Langford CAPTCHA: Using Hard AI Problems for Security In Eurocrypt 2003
9. [von Ahn 04] Luis von Ahn and Laura Dabbish Labeling Images with a Computer Game In ACM CHI 2004
10. [von Ahn 06] Luis von Ahn, Mihir Kedia and Manuel Blum Verbosity: A Game for Collecting Common-Sense Facts To Appear in ACM CHI Notes 2006