GCR Classes 8D and 8E

GCR Classes 8D and 8E LNER Class C5
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer John G. Robinson Builder GCR, at Gorton Build date 1905–06 Total produced 4
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-4-2 Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Leading dia. 3 ft 6 in (1,070 mm) Driver dia. 6 ft 9 in (2,060 mm) Trailing dia. 4 ft 3 in (1,300 mm) Wheelbase 51 ft 10 in (15,800 mm) Length 61 ft 11+1⁄4 in (18,879 mm) Axle load 18.5 long tons (18.8 t) Adhesive weight 37 long tons (38 t) Loco weight 73.3 long tons (74.5 t) Tender weight 48.3 long tons (49.1 t) Total weight 121.6 long tons (123.6 t) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 6 long tons (6.1 t) Water cap. 4,000 imp gal (18,000 L) Firebox: ​  • Grate area 26.24 sq ft (2.438 m2) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1.2 MPa) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 153 sq ft (14.2 m2)  • Tubes 1,778 sq ft (165.2 m2)  • Total surface 1,931 sq ft (179.4 m2) Cylinders Three, one inside high-pressure, two outside low-pressure High-pressure cylinder 19 in × 26 in (483 mm × 660 mm) Low-pressure cylinder 21 in × 26 in (533 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Stephenson Valve type HP: piston valve, LP: slide valves Train heating Steam Loco brake Steam Train brakes Vacuum
Performance figures Tractive effort 13,321 lbf (59.25 kN)
Career Number in class 4 Nicknames "Compounds" Axle load class RA 7 Withdrawn 1946–47 Disposition All scrapped

GCR Classes 8D and 8E were two pairs of three-cylinder compound steam locomotives of the 4-4-2 wheel arrangement built in 1905 and 1906 for the Great Central Railway.

History

In 1903, the Great Central Railway (GCR) had given comparative trials to two pairs of two-cylinder express passenger steam locomotives designed by their Chief Mechanical Engineer, John G. Robinson. These were similar in most respects, the main difference being that one pair (class 8B) were of the 4-4-2 wheel arrangement, whereas the other pair (class 8C) were 4-6-0. These trials demonstrated that the 4-4-2 was best for the GCR conditions, and so five more of class 8B were ordered, soon followed by a batch of 12.

Whilst these were under construction, it was decided to compare the merits of these locomotives against a three-cylinder compound of similar size. Accordingly, two compounds of the 4-4-2 wheel arrangement were built in 1905, and these formed Class 8D.

The class 8D locomotives were designed by Robinson according to the principles of Walter M. Smith, in which there were three cylinders: the boiler fed a single high-pressure cylinder placed between the frames, where the steam was partially used; it was then passed to two low-pressure cylinders mounted outside the frames, which extracted the remaining useful work from the steam. The same system had already been tried by Smith's employers, the North Eastern Railway in their class 3CC of 1898, and with great success by the Midland Railway in their 1000 class of 1902.

The GCR ordered ten more 4-4-2s for delivery in 1906: of these, eight were to the class 8B design, and two were compounds. These two shared a number of components with the eight class 8B engines, and were sufficiently different from the two compounds of class 8D to warrant a separate classification, so became Class 8E.

Numbers and names

Number	Built	Class	Name	Withdrawn
258	December 1905	8D	The Rt. Hon. Viscount Cross G.C.B., G.C.S.I.	December 1946
259	February 1906	8D	King Edward VII	April 1947
364	December 1906	8E	Lady Henderson	December 1947
365	December 1906	8E	Sir William Pollitt	August 1947

No. 364 was renamed Lady Faringdon in 1917, Lady Jane Henderson's husband having been raised to the peerage as the first Baron Faringdon the previous year.

After the Grouping, the LNER increased the GCR numbers by 5000, this occurring in 1924–5. Under the 1946 renumbering, they became 2895–8 in the same order.

References

• Boddy, M.G.; Brown, W.A.; Fry, E.V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E.N.T.; Russell, O. (1979). Fry, E.V. (ed.). Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., part 3A: Tender Engines - Classes C1 to C11. Kenilworth: RCTS. ISBN 0 901115 45 2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Dow, George (1965). Great Central, Volume Three: Fay Sets the Pace, 1900-1922. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0 7110 0263 0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Haresnape, Brian; Rowledge, Peter (1982). Robinson Locomotives: A Pictorial History. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0 7110 1151 6. DX/0582. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Jackson, David (1996). J.G. Robinson: A Lifetime's Work. The Oakwood Library of Railway History. Headington: Oakwood Press. ISBN 0 85361 497 0. OL98. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• van Riemsdijk, John T. (1994). Compound Locomotives: An International Survey. Penryn: Atlantic Books. ISBN 0 906899 61 3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)