Hahn embedding theorem

In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra dealing with ordered structures on abelian groups, the Hahn embedding theorem gives a simple description of all linearly ordered abelian groups.

 The theorem states: every linearly ordered abelian group $G$ can be embedded as an ordered subgroup of the additive group ℝΩ endowed with a lexicographical order(Fuchs & Salce 2001, p. 62).   Here, ℝ is the additive group of real numbers (with its standard order), and Ω is the set of Archimedean equivalence classes of $G$.   (Gravett 1956) gives a clear statement and proof of the theorem.  The papers of (Clifford 1954) and (Hausner & Wendel 1952) together provide another proof.
  
 Let $0$ denote the identity element of $G$. For any nonzero $g$∈$G$, exactly one of the elements $g$ or $-g$ is greater than $0$; denote this element by $|g|$.  Two nonzero elements $g,h$∈$G$ are Archimedean equivalent if there exist natural numbers $N,M$∈ℕ such that $N|g|>|h|$ and $M|h|>|g|$.  (Heuristically:  neither $g$ nor $h$ is "infinitesimal" with respect to the other).  The group $G$ is Archimedean if all nonzero elements are Archimedean-equivalent.  In this case, Ω is a singleton, so ℝΩ  is just the group of real numbers.  Then Hahn's Embedding Theorem reduces to Hölder's theorem (which states that a linearly ordered abelian group is Archimedean if and only if it is a subgroup of the ordered additive group of the real numbers).

References

• Fuchs, László; Salce, Luigi (2001), Modules over non-Noetherian domains, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, vol. 84, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-0-8218-1963-0, MR1794715
• Hahn, H. (1907), "Über die nichtarchimedischen Größensysteme.", Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch - Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Wien. Ber.) (in German), 116: 601–655
• Gravett, K. A. H. (1956), "Ordered Abelian Groups", Quarterly Journal of Mathematics of Oxford Series 2, 7: 57–63
• Clifford, A.H. (1954), "Note on Hahn's Theorem on Ordered Abelian Groups", Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 5 (6): 860–863
• Hausner, M.; Wendel, J.G. (1952), "Ordered vector spaces", Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 3: 977–982