High-Speed Uplink Packet Access

High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbit/s. The name HSUPA was created by Nokia. The 3GPP does not support the name 'HSUPA', but instead uses the name Enhanced Uplink (EUL).

The specifications for HSUPA are included in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Release 6 standard published by 3GPP. – "The technical purpose of the Enhanced Uplink feature is to improve the performance of uplink dedicated transport channels, i.e. to increase capacity and throughput and reduce delay."

Description

HSUPA uses an uplink enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) on which it employs link adaptation methods similar to those employed by HSDPA, namely:

• shorter Transmission Time Interval enabling faster link adaptation;

• HARQ (hybrid ARQ) with incremental redundancy making retransmissions more effective.

Similarly to HSDPA, HSUPA uses a packet scheduler, but it operates on a request-grant principle where the UEs request a permission to send data and the scheduler decides when and how many UEs will be allowed to do so. A request for transmission contains data about the state of the transmission buffer and the queue at the UE and its available power margin. However, unlike HSDPA, uplink transmissions are not orthogonal to each other.

In addition to this scheduled mode of transmission the standards also allows a self-initiated transmission mode from the UEs, denoted non-scheduled. The non-scheduled mode can, for example, be used for VoIP services for which even the reduced TTI and the Node B based scheduler will not be able to provide the very short delay time and constant bandwidth required.

Each MAC-d flow (i.e. QoS flow) is configured to use either scheduled or non-scheduled modes; the UE adjusts the data rate for scheduled and non-scheduled flows independently. The maximum data rate of each non-scheduled flow is configured at call setup, and typically not changed frequently. The power used by the scheduled flows is controlled dynamically by the Node B through absolute grant (consisting of an actual value) and relative grant (consisting of a single up/down bit) messages.

At Layer 1, HSUPA introduces new physical channels E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel), E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel), F-DPCH (Fractional-DPCH), E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel), E-DPCCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel) and E-DPDCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel).

E-DPDCH is used to carry the E-DCH Transport Channel; and E-DPCCH is used to carry the control information associated with the E-DCH.

Versions

The following table gives uplink speeds for the different categories of HSUPA.

HSUPA Category	Max Uplink Speed	Examples
Category 1	0.73 Mbit/s
Category 2	1.46 Mbit/s
Category 3	1.46 Mbit/s
Category 4	2.93 Mbit/s	Qualcomm 6290
Category 5	2.00 Mbit/s	Nokia: N8, C5, C3-01 E52, E72, E55, 6700 Classic, N900, 5630 XpressMusic; BlackBerry: Storm 9500, 9530; HTC: Dream, Passion (Nexus One); Sony Ericsson C510, Sony Ericsson C903, Sony Ericsson W705, Sony Ericsson W995, Sony Ericsson T715
Category 6	5.76 Mbit/s	BlackBerry Tour 9630, Nokia CS-15, Option GlobeTrotter Express 441/442, Option iCON 505/505M, Samsung i8910, Apple iPhone 4, Huawei, E180/E182E/E1820/E5832/EM770W
Category 7 (3GPP Rel7)	11.5 Mbit/s
Category 8 (3GPP Rel8)	42 Mbit/s
Category 9 (3GPP Rel9)	84 Mbit/s

Roadmap

After HSUPA the 3GPP is working on further advancing transfer rates. LTE provides up to 326.4 Mbit/s for downlink and 86.4 Mbit/s for uplink. LTE-Advanced, in development as a minor update to LTE networks, supports maximum download rates of over 1 Gbit/s.

See also

• Dual Cell HSUPA
• 3GPP Long Term Evolution
• Broadband
• DigRF V3
• High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
• High-Speed Orthogonal Packet Access
• List of Deployed HSUPA networks
• List of device bandwidths
• Quad band
• Triband (telephone)
• UMTS frequency bands

Bibliography

• Harri Holma and Antti Toskala (2006). HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS: High Speed Radio Access for Mobile Communications. ISBN 0470018844.