User:IntelligentComputer/Metaknowledge

Metaknowledge or meta-knowledge Meta- (from Greek: μετά = "after", "beyond", "with", "adjacent", "self"), and Knowledge as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information; or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Metaknowledge is knowledge about knowledge, conceptually any master map of a region of knowledge, up to and including all.

Defining Metaknowledge

In epistemology, the prefix meta is used to mean about (its own category). Detailed cognitive, systemic and epistemic study of human knowledge requires a distinguishing of these concepts. but in the common language knowledge includes information, and, for example, bibliographic data are considered as a metaknowledge.

Applications

Metaknowledge efforts include systems that classify information and systems that attempt to classify fundamental knowledge.

The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by research and academic libraries. In the U.S. most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).

Projects in the field of man-made intelligence include cyc, is an artificial intelligence project that attempts to assemble a comprehensive ontology and knowledge base of everyday common sense knowledge, with the goal of enabling AI applications to perform human-like reasoning. The project was started in 1984 by Douglas Lenat at MCC and is developed by company Cycorp.

Another approach is that of the stored purpose machine intelligence project (sp), in which its top level design allows for the coordination of knowledge across all agents of the system by mediating knowledge stored in a basic format of existential knowledge called Platonic Forms. The project was started in 2006 by Warren Jones and Lana Rubalsky.

Related Concepts

For the reason of different definitions of knowledge in the subject matter literature, meta-information is or is not included in meta-knowledge. Detailed cognitive, systemic and epistemic study of human knowledge requires a distinguishing of these concepts. but in the common language knowledge includes information, and, for example, bibliographic data are considered as a meta-knowledge.

Meta-knowledge is a fundamental conceptual instrument in such research and scientific domains as, knowledge engineering, knowledge management, and others dealing with study and operations on knowledge, seen as a unified object/entities, abstracted from local conceptualizations and terminologies.

Examples of the first-level individual meta-knowledge are methods of planning, modeling, tagging, learning and every modification of a domain knowledge. The procedures, methodologies and strategies of teaching, coordination of e-learning courses are individual meta-meta-knowledge of an intelligent entity (a person, organization or society).

Of course, universal meta-knowledge frameworks have to be valid for the organization of meta-levels of individual meta-knowledge.

Put simpler, metaknowledge may be linked to knowledge you need but you don't yet possess: it is a cluster of definitions and methods aiming to guide you in gathering the pertinent knowledge with regard to your activity.

See also

• Epistemic logic
• Knowledge
• Meta-
• Metaprogramming in Computer Science
• Meta-philosophy
• Meta-epistemology
• Metalogic
• Metaphysics
• Meta-ethics
• Meta-ontology
• meta-theory
• Metadata

References

• http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/metaknowledge.html
• http://www.knowledgeboard.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=1629&d=23&h=5&f=3

External links

• Knowledge Interchange Format Reference Manual Chapter 7: Metaknowledge, Stanford University
• A Survey of Cognitive and Agent Architectures: Meta-knowledge, University of Michigan
• Stored Purpose: Introduction, wJones Research