Homogeneous alignment
In liquid crystals, Homogeneous alignment sometimes called Planar alignment - this is the state of alignment of molecules which is opposite to homeotropic alignment. The molucules here align parallel to a substrate.
For planar alignment - polyimides can be used. One of the popular ones is PI-2555.
The surface has to be rubbed by paper or by a velvet or similar cloth in order to make the alignment axis parallel to the rubbing. However the exact mechanism if this alignment is not entirely clear.
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