AND gate

INPUT		OUTPUT
A	B	A AND B
0	0	0
0	1	0
1	0	0
1	1	1

The AND gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results only if both the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If neither or only one input to the AND gate is HIGH, a LOW output results. In another sense, the function of AND effectively finds the minimum between two binary digits, just as the OR function finds the maximum.

Symbols

There are three symbols for AND gates: the Texan (ANSI or 'military') symbol and the IEC ('European' or 'rectangular') symbol, as well as the deprecated DIN symbol. For more information see Logic Gate Symbols.

MIL/ANSI Symbol	IEC Symbol	DIN Symbol

The AND gate with inputs A and B and output C implements the logical expression $C=A\cdot B$.

Implementations

NMOS AND gate

An AND gate is usually designed using NMOS (pictured) or PMOS MOSFETs. The digital inputs a and b cause the output F to have the same result as the AND function.

Alternatives

If no specific AND gates are available, one can be made from NAND or NOR gates, because NAND and NOR gates are considered the "universal gates," meaning that they can be used to make all the others. The configuration shown on the very bottom shows how to use NAND gates to create the effect of an AND gate. XOR Gates can also be used to simulate AND functions, but are rarely used to do so.

See also

• OR gate
• NOT gate
• AND gate
• NOR gate
• XOR gate
• Boolean algebra (logic)
• Logic gates