Space–time code
A space–time code (STC) is a method employed to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless communication systems using multiple transmit antennas. STCs rely on transmitting multiple, redundant copies of a data stream to the receiver in the hope that at least some of them may survive the physical path between transmission and reception in a good enough state to allow reliable decoding.
Space time codes may be split into two main types:
- Space–time trellis codes (STTCs)[1] distribute a trellis code over multiple antennas and multiple time-slots and provide both coding gain and diversity gain.
- Space–time block codes (STBCs)[2][3] act on a block of data at once (similarly to block codes) and provide only diversity gain, but are much less complex in implementation terms than STTCs.
STC may be further subdivided according to whether the receiver knows the channel impairments. In coherent STC, the receiver knows the channel impairments through training or some other form of estimation. These codes have been studied more widely because they are less complex than their non-coherent counterparts. In noncoherent STC the receiver does not know the channel impairments but knows the statistics of the channel.[4] In differential space–time codes neither the channel nor the statistics of the channel are available.[5]
See also
- Diversity scheme — the concept from which STC arose.
- MIMO — the term for wireless communication systems employing multiple antennas at both a transmitter and a receiver.
References
- Louay M.A. Jalloul and Sam. P. Alex, "Evaluation Methodology and Performance of an IEEE 802.16e System", Presented to the IEEE Communications and Signal Processing Society, Orange County Joint Chapter (ComSig), December 7, 2006.
- Sam P. Alex and Louay M.A. Jalloul, "Performance Evaluation of MIMO in IEEE802.16e/WiMAX", IEEE J. of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, VOL. 2, NO. 2, April, 2008.
- ^ Vahid Tarokh, Nambi Seshadri, and A. R. Calderbank (1998). "Space–time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance analysis and code construction". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 44 (2): 744–765. doi:10.1109/18.661517.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ S.M. Alamouti (1998). "A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 16 (8): 1451–1458. doi:10.1109/49.730453.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Vahid Tarokh, Hamid Jafarkhani, and A. R. Calderbank (1999). "Space–time block codes from orthogonal designs" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 45 (5): 744–765. doi:10.1109/18.771146.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Marzetta, T.L. and Hochwald, B.M. (1999). "Capacity of a mobile multiple-antenna communication link in Rayleigh flat fading". IEEE Transactions of Information Theory. 45 (1): 139–157. doi:10.1109/18.746779.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ V. Tarokh and H. Jafarkhani (2000). "A Differential Detection Scheme for Transmit Diversity". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 18 (7): 1169–1174. doi:10.1109/49.857917.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)