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The Rural Income Generating Activities (RIGA) Project is a collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank, and American University (Washington, DC) that seeks to expand the understanding of the income generating activities, both agricultural and non-agricultural, of rural households in developing countries. RIGA achieves this by two means, first, through the development of an innovative database of income sources from various developing countries, which is available free of charge. And second, though utilization of that database for analysis of policy implications on income generating activities.

Rural Income Generating Activities
Activités Rurales Génératrices de Revenus Template:Fr icon
Actividades Generadoras de Ingreso Rural Template:Es icon
Established2005
TypeResearch Project
HeadquartersRome, Italy Italy
Websitehttp://www.fao.org/es/ESA/riga/english/index_en.htm

Purpose

The RIGA Project's purpose is to create an income measure that is comparable within and between countries, as well as over time.[1]

According to the RIGA Project website[2], the key questions addressed by the RIGA Project include:

The RIGA Project Logo
  • What are the relationships between the various Rural Income Generating Activities (RIGAs)?
  • What types of RIGAs are associated with poverty reduction?
  • What is the relationship between various Rural Non-Farm activities and agriculture?
  • What is the link between RIGAs and food security?

In order to answer these questions, the RIGA Project developed a standardized income calculation method that is applied only to country survey's that meet a strict criteria of data requirements. Until the RIGA Project, a well-designed methodological approach had been absent in recent years and has made the "disentanglement" of rural income activities difficult.[3] The income calculation method utilized closely adheres to the one set out by the International Labour Organization. The "Resolution Concerning Household Income and Expenditure Statistics" passed by ILO outlines that household income is comprised of all monetary and in-kind receipts that a household receives, which should include income from wage employment, self-employment, property, own consumption of household goods, and transfers, both public and private, received. [4] The RIGA Project also includes income generated from farm activities, both those sold and consumed by the household.[5] This because farming remains the principal activity for rural households.[6]

History

The need for standardized income data has arisen from the desire of the development community to understand the economic activities of rural households, especially the rural non-farm activities that have been continually over looked even as the importance of rural non-farm economies increase. [7] Additionally, the income aggregate serves as a compliment to consumption aggregate that is created by the Living Standards Measurement Study at the World Bank. [8] The combination of the two, consumption and income, allow for a deeper understanding of the situation of households in developing countries. With this in mind the RIGA Project was officially began as a collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank, and American University (Washington, DC). Only after consultation on the methodology between the partners, did the analysis and compilation of the data begin in 2005. Since 2005 the RIGA Project has created income aggregates for almost 30 countries, which become available to the public, free of charge, with the launch of the website in April 2009. The work of the Project has continued to expand with the addition of RIGA-L. The RIGA-Labor data provides a more in-depth look into the wage employment element of income generating activities, with analysis possible both at the individual and job level. [9]

Data

The database is comprised of 27 surveys from 16 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Note that some of the countries have surveys for multiple years, with some of the multi-year coutries including panel datasets, such as Indonesia, Nepal, Nicaragua, and Vietnam.

File:Riga Photos Team1 013 websize.jpg
The RIGA Project Team, Rome, Italy 2010

Africa

Ghana - Ghana Living Standards Survey 1992

Ghana - Ghana Living Standards Survey 1998

Kenya - Integrated Household Budget Survey 2004-2005

Madagascar - Enquête Permanente Auprès Des Ménages 1993-1994

Madagascar - Enquête Permanente Auprès Des Ménages 2000-2001

Malawi - Integrated Household Survey II 2004-2005

Nigeria - Living Standards Survey 2003-2004

Asia

Bangladesh - Household Income-Expenditure Survey 2000

Indonesia - Family Life Survey- Wave 1 1993

Indonesia - Family Life Survey- Wave 3 2000

Nepal - Living Standards Survey I 1995-1996

Nepal - Living Standards Survey II 2003-2004

Pakistan -Integrated Household Survey 1991

Pakistan -Integrated Household Survey 2001

Vietnam - Living Standards Survey 1992-1993

Vietnam - Living Standards Survey 1997-1998

Vietnam - Living Standards Survey 2002

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Albania - Living Standards Measurement Survey 2002

Albania - Living Standards Measurement Survey 2005

Bulgaria - Integrated Household Survey 1995

Bulgaria - Integrated Household Survey 2001

Tajikistan - Living Standards Survey - 2003

Latin America

Ecuador - Estudio de Condiciones de Vida 1995

Ecuador - Estudio de Condiciones de Vida 1998

Guatemala - Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida 2000

Nicaragua - Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Sobre Medición de Niveles de Vida 1998

Nicaragua - Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Sobre Medición de Niveles de Vida 2001

Panama - Encuesta de Niveles de Vida 1997

Panama - Encuesta de Niveles de Vida 2003


Publications

A Cross Country Comparison of Rural Income Generating Activities forthcoming in World Development B. Davis, P. Winters, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E.J. Quiñones, A. Zezza, C. Azzarri, K. Stamoulis and S. DiGiuseppe.

Assets, Activities and Rural Income Generation: Evidence from a Multicountry Analysis. July 2009 P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E.J. Quiñones, A. Zezza, C. Azzarri, and K. Stamoulis.

Rural Income Generating Activities: Whatever Happened to the Institutional Vacuum? Evidence from Ghana, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Vietnam July 2009 A. Zezza, G. Carletto, B. Davis, K. Stamoulis and P. Winters.

Wage inequality in international perspective: Effects of location, sector, and gender. March 2009 T. Hertz, P. Winters, A. P. de la O, E. Quiñones, B. Davis, A. Zezza

Accounting for the Diversity of Rural Income Sources in Developing Countries: The Experience of the Rural Income Generating Activities Project June 2009 K. Covarrubias, A.P. de la O Campos, and A. Zezza

A Profile of the Rural Poor April 2009 A. Valdés, W. Foster, G. Anríquez, C. Azzarri, K. Covarrubias, B. Davis, S. DiGiuseppe, T. Essam, T. Hertz, A.P. de la O, E. Quiñones, K. Stamoulis, P. Winters and A. Zezza

Assets, Activities and Rural Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from a Multicountry Analysis January 2009 P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K.Covarrubias, K.Stamoulis, E. Quiñones, and A. Zezza

A Cross Country Comparison of Rural Income Generating Activities January 2009 B. Davis, P. Winters, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, A. Zezza, K. Stamoulis, and S. Di Giuseppe

Patterns of Rural Development: A Cross-Country Comparison Using Microeconomic Data August 2008 P. Winters, T. Essam, B. Davis, A. Zezza, G. Carletto, and K. Stamoulis

Rural Wage Employment in Developing Countries August 2008 P. Winters, A.P. de la O, E. Quiñones, T. Hertz, B. Davis, A Zezza, K. Covarrubias, and K. Stamoulis

The Impact of Rising Food Prices on the Poor August 2008 A. Zezza, B. Davis, C. Azzarri, K. Covarrubias, L. Tasciotti, and G. Anr¡quez

Rural Household Access to Assets and Agrarian Institutions: A Cross Country Comparison March 2008 A. Zezza, P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, K. Stamoulis, L. Tasciotti, and S. Di Giuseppe

Does Urban Agriculture Enhance Dietary Diversity? Empirical Evidence from a Sample of Developing Countries March 2008 (report short version) A. Zezza and L. Tasciotti

Rural income generating activities in developing countries:re-assessing the evidence 2007 (powerpoint presentation) G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, B. Davis, M. Krausova, K. Stamoulis, P. Winters and A. Zezza

Rural Income Generating Activities: Whatever Happened to the Institutional Vacuum? Evidence from Ghana, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Vietnam November 2007 A. Zezza, G. Carletto, B. Davis, K. Stamoulis and P. Winters

Rural Income Generating Activities Study: Methodological note on the construction of income aggregates October 2007. G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, B. Davis, M. Krausova and P. Winters

Rural Household Access to Assets and Agrarian Institutions: A Cross Country Comparison May 2007 A. Zezza, P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, K. Stamoulis, T. Karfakis, L. Tasciotti, S. DiGiuseppe and G. Bonomi

Rural Income Generating Activities: A Cross Country Comparison May 2007 B. Davis, P. Winters, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, A. Zezza, K. Stamoulis, G. Bonomi and S. DiGiuseppe

References

  1. ^ [Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development BREAD]
  2. ^ [RIGA Project Website]
  3. ^ [World Bank Research E-Newsletter (May 2009)]
  4. ^ [ILO Resolution]
  5. ^ [Methodological Note on the Construction of Income Aggregates]
  6. ^ [Biotech Knowledge Center]
  7. ^ [The Rural Non-Farm Economy Project]
  8. ^ [World Bank LSMS]
  9. ^ [for Creating the RIGA-L Database]


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