Linear programming
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Linear Programming is a technique used to resolve problems which typically involve a large number of variables and where in many cases there is insufficient definition of the inter-relationship of these variables to solve a unique solution.
By definition the relationship between the variables involves linear equations although the technique can be used in some non-linear situation. Often the goal is to either minimise a cost or maximise a value. Some equations can make use of inequality symbols and in some situations more than goal may be defined.