Computational informatics

Computational Informatics

Informatics is the academic field on the study of the structure, the communication, and the use of information. Computational informatics, as a subfield of informatics, studies information using computational methodologies. From a historical viewpoint, medical informatics scientists (also known as medical informaticians) started to use artificial intelligence and Baysian statistical methods in diagnosis and medical decision making, as early as in the 1970s. An example is the MYCIN system developed at Stanford University. The field has since evolved to use a wide range of computational methods and to interact with all possible scientific and other disciplinary domains. In the recent years, the field integrates the following: 1) Computational techniques: Artificial intelligence, algorithms (for architectures ranging from single CPU to massively parallel machines), programming, object-oriented system design, databases, information retrieval, computer graphics and visualization. 2) Probability, statistics and decision science: Theory of probability, statistical inference, cost/risk-benefit analysis, probabilistic analysis, stochastic modeling, decision theory, statistical data analysis, probabilistic networks, pattern classification, statistical learning and modeling, statistical data mining. 3) Applied mathematics: Graph theory, differential equations, optimization theory, wavelets, group theory. 4) Electrical engineering methods: signal and image processing. 5) Domain knowledge: Art and cultural heritages, biology, chemistry, engineering, medicine, the Web. 6) User sciences: Design, human-computer interaction, evaluation.

Several universities offer graduate programs in this area. One example is the College of Information Sciences and Technology at Penn State.