Vivisection
From Latin vivus ("alive") + sectio ("cutting"), Vivisection is surgery conducted upon a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to directly view living internal structure for purposes other than the health of the subject.
A broader interpretation includes non-behavioural experimental research involving living animals.[1] This is the intended meaning when used by those opposed to animal experimentation in general. In the scientific community, vivisection for living tissue study has been superseded by modern techniques.[citation needed]
Non-arbitrary research requiring vivisection techniques that cannot be met through other means are often subject to an external ethics review in conception and implementation, and in many jurisdictions, use of anaesthesia is legally mandated for any surgery likely to cause pain to any vertebrate.[2] In the U.S., the Animal Welfare Act explicitly requires that any procedure that may cause pain utilize "tranquilizers, analgesics, and anesthetics" [3] unless absolutely necessary <"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/awa/awa.pdf">.
See also
Notes
- ^ "Vivisection", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007. Also see Croce, Pietro. Vivisection or Science? An Investigation into Testing Drugs and Safeguarding Health. Zed Books, 1999, and "About Us", British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection.
- ^ "National Academy of Sciences Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
- ^
- "Paixao, RL; Schramm, FR. Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated? Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 2007"
- Yarri, Donna. The Ethics of Animal Experimentation, Oxford University Press U.S., 2005