Lists of synapsids

This list of synapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the synapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered synapsids.

The list currently contains 445 generic names.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

Genus	Authors	Year	Status	Age	Location	Notes
Admentophoneus	Efremov	1954	Lapsus calami	N/A	N/A	Lapsus calami of Admetophoneus.
Admetophoneus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Aelurognathus	Haughton	1924	Valid.
Aelurosauroides	Broom	1940	Valid.
Aelurosauropsis	Broom	1940	Valid.
Aelurosaurus	Owen	1881	Valid.
Aerosaurus	Romer	1937	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[2] - Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Agnosaurus	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Akidnognathus	Haughton	1918	Valid.
Alopecognathus	Broom	1915	Valid.
Alopecopsis	Broom	1920	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Alopecorhinus	Broom	1912	Valid.
Aloposauroides	Brink Kitching	1953	Valid.
Aloposaurus	Broom	1910	Valid.
Aneugomphius	Broom Robinson	1949	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Angelosaurus	Olsen Beerbower	1953	Valid.	Upper Permian^[5]	United States of America^[5]
Angonisaurus	Cox	1983	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[6]	Tanzania^[6]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[6]
Annatherapsidus	Kuhn	1961	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Anningia	Broom	1927	Nomen vanum	Permian^[8]	South Africa^[8]	Declared to be a nomen vanum after a restudy of the type specimen.^[8]
Anomocephalus	Modesto Rubidge Welman	1999	Valid.	Upper Permian^[9]	South Africa^[9]
Anomodon	Keyser	1975	Valid.
Anoplosuchus	Tchudinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Antecosuchus	Tatarinov	1973	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Anteosaurus	Watson	1921	Valid.	Upper Permian	South Africa
Archaeosuchus	Broom	1905	Valid.
Archaeosyodon	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Archaeothyris	Reisz	1972	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[2]	United States of America
Archaeovenator	Reisz Dilkes	2003	Valid.	Upper Carboniferous^[10]	United States of America^[10]
Arctognathoides	Boonstra	1934	Valid.
Arctognathus	Broom	1911	Valid.
Arctops	Watson	1914	Valid.
Arctosuchus	Broom	1911	Valid.
Arnognathus	Broom	1907	Valid.
Aulacocephalodon	Seeley	1898	Valid.
Aulacephalodon	Seeley	1898	Valid.
Australosyodon	Rubidge	1994	Valid.	Upper Permian^[11]	South Africa^[11]
Avenantia	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Baldwinonus	Romer Price	1940	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[2] - Early Permian^[12]	United States of America^[12]
Barysoma	Cox	1965	Valid.
Basicranodon	Vaughn	1958	Valid.	Lower Permian	United States of America^[2]
Bathyglyptus	Case	1911	Valid.
Bathygnathus	Leidy	1853	Valid.
Bauria	Broom	1909	Valid.
Baurioides	Broom	1925	Valid.
Biarmosuchoides	Tverdokhlebova Ivakhnenko	1994	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Biarmosuchus	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Bienotherium	Young	1940	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[6]	China^[6]
Bienotheroides	Young	1982	Valid.	Middle-Late Jurassic^[14]	China and Mongolia^[14]
Biseridens	Li Cheng	1997	Valid.	Upper Permian^[15]	China^[15]
Bolotridon	Coad	1977	Valid.
Boreogomphodon	Sues Olsen	1990	Valid.	Late Triassic^[16]	United States of America^[16]
Brachycnemius	Williston	1911	Valid.
Brachyprosopus	Olson	1937	Valid.
Brachyuraniscus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Valid.
Brasilitherium	Bonaparte Martinelli Schultz Rubert	2003	Valid.	Late Triassic^[17]	Brazil^[17]
Brasilodon	Bonaparte Martinelli Schultz Rupert	2003	Valid.	Late Triassic^[17]	Brazil^[17]
Brithopus	Kutorga	1838	Valid.	Middle Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Broilius	Toerien	1953	Valid.
Broornosuchus	Camp Taylor Welles	1942	Valid.
Broomicephalus	Brink Kitching	1953	Valid.
Broomisaurus	Joleaud	1920	Valid.
Bullacephalus	Rubidge Kitching	2003	Valid.
Burnetia	Broom	1923	Valid.	Upper Permian^[18]	South Africa^[18]
Calleonasus	Kalandadze	1985	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Casea	Williston	1910	Valid.	Lower Permian^[2]	France and United States of America^[2]
Caseoides	Olson Beerbower	1953	Valid.
Caseopsis	Olson	1962	Valid.
Cephalicustroidus	Parrington	1974	Valid.
Cerataelurus	Broom	1931	Valid.
Cerdodon	Broom	1915	Valid.
Cerdorhinus	Broom	1936	Valid.
Chanaria	Cox	1968	Valid.
Charassognathus	Botha Abdala Smith	2007	Valid.
Charruodon	Abdala Ribeiro	2000	Valid.	Late Triassic^[19]	Brazil^[19]
Chelyodontops	Cluver	1975	Valid.
Chiwetasaurus	Haughton	1926	Valid.
Chthomaloporus	Tchudinov	1964	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Chthonosaurus	Vjuschkov	1955	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Cistecephaloides	Cluver	1974	Valid.
Cistecephalus	Owen	1876	Valid.	Upper Permian^[20]	South Africa^[20]
Clelandina	Broom	1948	Valid.
Clepsydrops	Cope	1875	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[2]	United States of America
Colobodectes	Modesto Rubidge Visser Welman	2003	Valid.
Compsodon	van Hoepen	1934	Valid.
Cotylorhynchus	Stovall	1937	Valid.	Lower Permian^[2]	United States of America^[2]
Crapartinella	Mendrez	1975	Valid.
Cristonasus	Surkov	1999	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Cromptodon	Bonaparte	1972	Valid.
Cryptocynodon	Seeley	1895	Valid.
Cteniosaurus	Broom	1935	Valid.
Ctenorhachis	Hook Hotton	1991	Valid.
Ctenospondylus	Romer	1936	Valid.
Cutleria	Lewis Vaughn	1965	Valid.
Cynognathus	Seeley	1895	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[22]	South Africa and Argentina^[22]
Cyonosaurus	Olsen	1937	Valid.
Cynosaurus	Schmidt	1927	Valid.
Daptocephalus	van Hoepen	1934	Valid.
Daqingshanodon	Zhu	1989	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dicynodon^[6]
Deccanodon	Nath Yadagiri	2007	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[23]	India^[23]
Delorhynchus	Fox	1962	Valid.	Lower Permian^[12]	United States of America^[12]
Delphaciognathus	Broom	1932	Valid.
Delphinognathus	Seeley	1892	Valid.
Deuterosaurus	Eichwald	1860	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Diaelurodon	Broom	1911	Valid.
Dianzhongia	Cui	1981	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[6]	China^[6]
Dicynodon	Owen	1845	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Gondwana and Lausaria^[1]
Dicynodontoides	Broom	1845	Valid.
Digalodon	Broom Robinson	1948	Valid.
Diictodon	Broom	1913	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	China^[6]
Dimacrodon	Olson Beerbower	1953	Valid.
Dimetrodon	Cope	1878	Valid.	Early Permian^[20]	United States of America^[20]
Dinanomodon	Broom	1938	Valid.
Dinodontosaurus	Romer	1943	Valid.
Dinogorgon	Broom	1936	Valid.
Dinophoneus	Broom	1923	Valid.
Dinosaurus	author author	19xx	Valid.
Dinosuchus	Broom	1936	Valid.
Dixeya	Haughton	1926	Valid.
Dolichuranus	Keyser	1973	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[6]	Zambia^[6]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[6]
Doliosauriscus	Kuhn	1961	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]	Replacement name for Doliosaurus Orlov, 1958
Doliosaurus	Orlov	1958	Preocc.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by lizard Doliosaurus Girard, 1858 (Sauria: Iguania)
Dongusaurus	Vjuschkov	1964	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Dragocephalus	Brink Kitching	1953	Valid.
Driveria	Olson	1962	Valid.
Dvinia	Amalitskii	1922	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Echinerpeton	Reisz	1972	Valid.
Edaphosaurus	Cope	1882	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[20] - Lower Permian^[24]	Czech Republic ^[20] and United States of America^[24]
Edaxosaurus	Kalandadze	1985	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Elatosaurus	Kalandadze	1985	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Elcabrosaurus	Case	1907	Valid.
Elephantosaurus	Vjuschkov	1969	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Elliotherium	Sidor Hancox	2006	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[25]	South Africa^[25]
Elliotsmithia	Broom	1937	Valid.	Upper Permian^[26]	South Africa^[26]
Embolophorus	Cope	1878	Valid.
Emydochampsa	Broom	1912	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Endothiodon^[27]
Emydops	Broom	1912	Valid.
Emydopsoides	van Hoepen	1934	Valid.
Emydorhynchus	Broom	1935	Valid.
Emydorhinus	Broom	1935	Valid.
Emyduranus	Broom	1921	Valid.
Endogomphodon	Broom	1932	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Endothiodon^[27]
Endothiodon	Owen	1876	Valid.	Upper Permian^[27]	South Africa and Tanzania^[27]
Ennatosaurus	Efremov	1956	Valid.	Lower Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Eoarctops	Haughton	1929	Valid.
Eocyclops	Broom	1913	Valid.
Eodicynodon	Barry	1974	Valid.	Upper Permian^[28]	South Africa^[28]
Eosimops	Broom	1922	Valid.
Eosyodon	Olson	1962	Valid.	Upper Permian	United States of America
Eothyris	Romer	1937	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Eotitanosuchus	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Ericiolacerta	Watson	1931	Valid.	Early Triassic^[20]	South Africa^[20]
Eriphostoma	Broom	1911	Valid.
Esoterodon	Seeley	1895	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Endothiodon^[27]
Estemmenosuchus	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Euchambersia	Broom	1931	Valid.
Eumantellia	Broom	1935	Valid.
Eurosaurus	Eichwald	1860	Valid.
Eurychororhinus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Valid.
Exaeretodon	Cabrera	1943	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[29]	Brazil and Argentina^[29]
Galechirus	Broom	1907	Valid.	Upper Permian^[9]	South Africa^[9]
Galeops	Broom	1912	Valid.	Upper Permian^[9]	South Africa^[9]
Galepus	Broom	1910	Valid.	Upper Permian^[9]	South Africa^[9]
Galerhynchus	Broom	1936	Valid.
Galesaurus	Owen	1859	Valid.
Galesuchus	Haughton	1915	Valid.
Geikia	Newton	1892	Valid.
Glanosuchus	Broom	1904	Valid.
Glaucosaurus	Williston	1915	Valid.	Lower Permian^[30]	United States of America^[30]
Glochinodontoides	Haughton	1924	Valid.
Gorgodon	Olson	1962	Valid.
Gordonia	Newton	1893	Valid.
Gorgonocephalus	author author	19xx	Valid.
Gorgonops	Owen	1876	Valid.
Habayia	Godefroit	1999	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[31]	Belgium^[31]
Haptodus	Gaudry	1866	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[2]	United States of America^[2]
Haughtoniana	Boonstra	1938	Valid.
Hazhenia	Sun Hou	1981	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Heuneus	Toerien	1953	Valid.
Hexacynodon	Tatarinov	1976	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Hipposauroides	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Hipposaurus	Haughton	1929	Valid.
Hofmeyria	Broom	1935	Valid.
Hyenosaurus	Broom	1935	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Ianthodon	Kissel Reisz	2004	Valid.
Ianthasaurus	Reisz Berman	1986	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[24]	United States of America^[24]
Ianthosaurus	Reisz Berman	1986	Sic	N/A	N/A	Incorret spelling of Ianthasaurus
Ictidognathus	Broom	1911	Valid.
Ictidopsis	Broom	1912	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Thrinaxodon^[32]
Ictidorhinus	Broom	1913	Valid.
Ictidostoma	Broom	1931	Valid.
Ictidosuchoides	Broom	1931	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[33]	South Africa^[33]
Ictidosuchops	Broom	1938	Valid.
Ictidosuchus	Broom	1910	Valid.
Idelesaurus	Kurkin	2006	Valid.	Upper Permian^[34]	Russia^[34]
Inostrancevia	Amalitskii	1922	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Ischigualastia	Cox	1962	Valid.
Ivantosaurus	Tchudinov	1983	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Jachaleria	Bonaparte	1971	Valid.
Jacheleria	Bonaparte	1971	Sic	N/A	N/A	Incorrect spelling of Jachaleria
Jimusaria	Sun	1963	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dicynodon^[6]
Jonkeria	van Hoepen	1916	Valid.
Kannemeyeria	Seeley	1908	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[6]	China, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Argentina^[6]	If Rechnisaurus and Uralokannemeyeria are considered synonyms, the range also include Russia and India
Kawingasaurus	Cox	1972	Valid.
Keratocephalus	von Huene	1931	Valid.
Kingoria	Cox	1959	Valid.
Kitchingia	Broom George	1950	Valid.
Knoxosaurus	Olson	1962	Valid.
Kombusia	Hotton	1974	Valid.
Koupia	Boonstra	1948	Valid.
Kunminia	Young	1947	Nomen dubium	Lower Jurassic^[6]	China^[6]	Possible synonym of Morganucodon^[6]
Kunpania	Sun	1973	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dicynodon^[6]
Kwazulusaurus	Maisch	2002	Valid.	Upper Permian^[33]	South Africa^[33]
Lamiasaurus	Watson	1914	Valid.
Lanthanocephalus	Modesto Rubidge Welman	2002	Preocc.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by cnidarian Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000
Lanthanostegus	Modesto Rubidge Welman	2003	Valid.	Upper Permian^[35]	South Africa^[35]	Replacement name by Lanthanocephalus Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 2002
Lemurosaurus	Broom	1949	Valid.	Upper Permian^[36]	South Africa^[36]
Leontocephalus	Broom	1940	Valid.
Leptotrachelus	Watson	1921	Valid.
Lobalopex	Sidor Hopson Keyser	2004	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[37]	South Africa^[37]
Lufengia	Chow Hu	1959	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[6]	China^[6]
Lupeosaurus	Romer	1937	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Lycaenodon	Broom	1925	Valid.	Upper Permian^[38]	South Africa^[38]
Lycaenodontoides	Haughton	1929	Valid.
Lycaenoides	Broom	1925	Valid.
Lycaenops	Broom	1925	Valid.	Upper Permian^[20]	South Africa^[20]
Lycideops	Broom	1931	Valid.
Lycosuchus	Broom	1903	Valid.
Lystrosaurus	Cope	1870	Valid.	Upper Permian - Early Triassic^[33]	South Africa, Zambia, India, China, Mongolia, Russia, Antarctica, Australia and Laos^[33]
Macrornerion	Fritsch	1879	Valid.
Madysaurus	Tatarinov	2005	Valid.
Massetognathus	Romer	1967	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[39]	Brazil and Argentina^[39]
Mastersonia	Olson	1962	Valid.
Megacyclops	author author	19xx	Valid.
Megawhaitsia	Ivakhnenko	2008	Valid.	Upper Permian^[4]	Russia^[4]
Melinodon	Broom	1905	Valid.
Mesenosaurus	Efremov	1938	Valid.	Lower Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Micranteosaurus	Boonstra	1954	Valid.
Micrictodon	Broom	1937	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Thrinaxodon^[32]
Microgomphodon	Seeley	1895	Valid.
Microsyodon	Ivakhnenko	1995	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Microurania	Ivakhnenko	1996	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Milosaurus	DeMar	1970	Valid.
Mnemeiosaurus	Nopsca	1928	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonymy of Deuterosaurus^[1]
Molybdopygus	Tchudinov	1964	Valid.
Mormosaurus	Watson	1914	Valid.
Moschognathus	Broom	1914	Valid.
Moschoides	Byrne	1937	Valid.
Moschops	Broom	1911	Valid.	Upper Permian^[20]	South Africa^[20]
Moschorhinus	Broom	1920	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[33]	South Africa^[33]
Moschosaurus	Haughton	1915	Valid.
Moschowhaitsia	Tatarinov	1963	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Mycterosaurus	Williston	1915	Valid.	Lower Permian^[2]	United States of America^[2]
Myctosuchus	Efremov	1937	Valid.
Myosauroides	Broom	1949	Valid.
Myosaurus	Haughton	1917	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[40]	South Africa and Antarctica^[40]
Nanictocephalus	Broom	1940	Valid.
Nanictops	author author	19xx	Valid.
Nanictosaurus	Broom	1936	Valid.
Nanocynodon	Tatarinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Nanogomphodon	Hopson Sues	2006	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[41]	Germany^[41]
Naosaurus	Cope	1886	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Edaphosaurus^[24]
Nasoplanites	Surkov	1999	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Neomegacyclops	Broom	1931	Valid.
Neosaurus	Nopsca	1923	Valid.
Newtonella	Broom	1937	Valid.
Niaftasuchus	Ivakhnenko	1990	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Nikkasaurus	Ivakhnenko	2000	Valid.
Nitosaurus	Romer	1937	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Niuksenitia	Tatarinov	1977	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Notaelurops	Broom	1936	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Notosollasia	Broom	1925	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Notosyodon	Tchudinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Kazakhstan^[1]
Nothogomphodon	Tatarinov	1976	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Nova	author author	19xx	Valid.
Odontocyclops	Keyser Cruickshank	1979	Valid.
Oedaleops	Langston	1965	Valid.	Lower Permian^[12]	United States of America^[12]
Oligokyphus	Henning	1922	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[6]	China, England, Germany and United States of America^[6]
Ophiacodon	Marsh	1878	Valid.	Late Carboniferous-Lower Permian^[2]	United States of America^[2]
Ordosia	Hou	1979	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Ordosiodon^[6]
Ordosiodon	Young	1961	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Oromycter	Reisz	2005	Valid.
Orthopus	Kutorga	1838	Valid.
Otsheria	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Oudenodon	Owen	1860	Valid.	Upper Permian^[42]	South Africa, Zambia and Madagascar^[42]
Oxyodon	Huene	1908	Valid.
Pachydectes	Rubidge Sidor Modesto	2006	Valid.	Middle Permian^[43]	South Africa^[43]
Pachyrhinos	Broili Schroeder	1934	Valid.
Pachytegos	Haughton	1932	Valid.	Upper Permian^[27]	Tanzania^[27]
Palaeohatteria	Credner	1888	Valid.
Palemydops	Broom	1921	Valid.
Pantelosaurus	von Huene	1925	Valid.
Parabradysaurus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Paraburnetia	Smith Rubidge Sidor	2006	Valid.	Upper Permian^[44]	South Africa^[44]
Paragalerhinus	Sigogneau-Russell	1970	Valid.
Parakennemeyeria	Sun	1960	Valid.	Lower-Middle Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Paranteosaurus	Boonstra	1954	Valid.
Parascapanodon	Boonstra	1955	Valid.
Parathrinaxodon	Parrington	1936	Valid.
Pardocephalus	Broom	1948	Valid.
Parringtoniella	Toerien	1953	Valid.
Parvobestiola	Surkov	1999	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Patranomodon	Rubidge Hopson	1990	Valid.	Upper Permian^[9]	South Africa^[9]
Pedaeosaurus	Colbert Kitching	1979	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[40]	South Africa and Antarctica^[40]
Pelanomodon	Broom	1938	Valid.
Pelorocyclops	van Hoepen	1934	Valid.
Permocynodon	Sushkin	1927	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dvinia^[1]
Phocosaurus	Seeley	1888	Valid.
Phoneosuchus	Efremov	1954	Valid.
Phreatophasma	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Middle Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Phreatosaurus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Middle Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Phreatosuchus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Middle Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Phthinosaurus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Phthinosuchus	Efremov	1954	Valid.
Placerias	Lucas	1904	Valid.
Platycraniellus	van Hoepen	1916	Valid.
Platycyclops	Broom	1932	Valid.
Plintogomphodon	Sues Olsen Carter	1999	Valid.	Late Triassic^[45]	United States of America^[45]
Pnigalion	Watson	1914	Valid.
Poecilospondylus	Case	1910	Valid.
Polistodon	He Cai	1984	Valid.	Middle Jurassic^[6]	China^[6]
Porosteognathus	Vjuschkov	1955	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Pravoslavleria	Vjuschkov	1953	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Pristerodon	Huxley	1868	Valid.
Pristerognathus	Seeley	1895	Valid.
Proburnetia	Tatarinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[18]	Russia^[18]
Procynosuchus	Broom	1937	Valid.	Upper Permian^[20]	South Africa^[20]
Prodicynodon	Broom	1904	Valid.
Progalesaurus	Sidor Smith	2004	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[46]	South Africa^[46]
Prolystrosaurus	Haughton	1917	Valid.
Promoschorhynchus	Brink	1954	Valid.
Propelanomodon	Toerien	1955	Valid.
Prorubidgea	Broom	1940	Valid.
Protoclepsydrops	Carroll	1964	Valid.
Pseudanteosaurus	Boonstra	1954	Valid.
Pseudhipposaurus	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Pyozia	Anderson Reisz	2004	Valid.	Middle Permian^[47]	Russia^[47]
Rabidosaurus	Kalandadze	1970	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Rechnisaurus	Roychodhury	1970	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[48]	India^[48]	Considered synonym of Kannemeyeria^[6]
Regisaurus	Mendrez	1972	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[6]	South Africa^[6]
Reiszia	Ivakhnenko	2000	Valid.
Rewaconodon	Datta Das Luo	2004	Valid.	Late Triassic^[23]	India^[23]
Rhachiocephalus	Seeley	1898	Valid.
Rhadiodromus	Efremov	1951	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Rhigosaurus	Colbert Kitching	1979	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[40]	South Africa and Antarctica^[40]
Rhinocerocephalus	Vjuschkov	1969	Valid.
Rhinodicynodon	Kalandadze	1970	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[6]
Rhopalodon	Fischer	1841	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Rhopalorhinus	Keyser	1973	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[6]	Namibia^[6]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[6]
Riebeeckosaurus	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Robertia	Boonstra	1948	Valid.	Upper Permian^[20]	South Africa^[20]
Rubidgea	Broom	1938	Valid.
Rubidgina	Broom	1942	Valid.
Sangusaurus	Cox	1969	Valid.
Sauroctonus	Bystrov	1955	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Scalenodon	Crompton	1955	valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Tanzania and Russia^[1]
Scalopognathus	Tatarinov	1974	Valid.	Early Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Scalopolacerta	Mendrez Carroll	1979	Valid.
Scaloposaurus	Owen	1876	Valid.
Scapanodon	Broom	1904	Valid.
Scylacops	Broom	1913	Valid.
Scoliomus	Williston Case	1915	Valid.
Scullya	Broom	1929	Valid.
Scylacorhinus	Broom	1915	Valid.
Scylacosaurus	Broom	1903	Valid.
Scylacosuchus	Tatarinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Scymnognathus	Broom	1915	Valid.
Scymnorhinus	Bonaparte	1846	Valid.
Scymnosaurus	Broom	1903	Valid.
Secodontosaurus	Romer	1936	Valid.
Sesamodon	Broom	1905	Valid.
Sesamondon	author author	19xx	Valid.
Shaanbeikannemeyeria	Cheng	1980	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Kannemeyeria ^[6]
Shansiodon	Yeh	1959	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Silphedosuchus	Tatarinov	1977	Valid.
Silphoictidoides	von Huene	1950	Valid.
Simorhinella	Broom	1915	Valid.
Sinognathus	Young	1959	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Sinokannemeyeria	Young	1937	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Sinophonus	Cheng Li	1996	Valid.	Upper Permian^[15]	China^[15]
Smilesaurus	Broom	1948	Valid.
Sphenacodon	Marsh	1878	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[2]	United States of America^[2]
Stahleckeria	von Huene	1935	Valid.
Stenocybus	Cheng Li	1997	Valid.	Upper Permian^[15]	China^[15]
Steppesaurus	Olson Beerbower	1953	Valid.
Stereophallodon	Romer	1937	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[12]-Early Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Stereorhachis	Gaudry	1880	Valid.	Late Carboniferous^[2]	France^[2]
Striodon	Sun	1973	Nomen dubium	N/A	N/A	Striodon magnus is regarded as a nomen dubium, and its type specimen is identified as Dicynodon sp.^[6]
Struthiocephaloides	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Struthiocephalus	Haughton	1915	Valid.
Struthionops	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Storthyggnathus	Janesch	1952	Valid.
Styracocephalus	Haughton	1929	Valid.
Suminia	Ivakhnenko	1994	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Sycosaurus	von Huene	1950	Valid.
Synostocephalus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Valid.
Syodon	Kutorga	1838	Valid.
Tangagorgon	Boonstra	1953	Valid.
Taognathus	Broom	1911	Valid.
Tapinocanius	Rubidge	1991	Valid.
Tapinocephalus	Owen	1876	Valid.
Tappenosaurus	Olson Beerbower	1953	Valid.
Taurocephalus	Broom	1928	Valid.
Taurops	Broom	1912	Valid.
Tetraceratops	Matthew	1908	Valid.	Lower Permian^[12]	United States of America^[12]
Tetracynodon	Broom Robinson	1948	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[33]	South Africa^[33]
Tetragonias	Cruickshank	1967	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[6]	South Africa^[6]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[6]
Theriognathus	Owen	1876	Valid.	Upper Permian^[4]	South Africa^[4]
Theropleura	Cope	1878	Valid.
Thrausmosaurus	Fox	1962	Valid.
Thrinaxodon	Seeley	1894	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[32]	South Africa and Antarctica^[32]
Tigrisaurus	Broom George	1950	Valid.
Titanognathus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Valid.
Titanophoneus	Efremov	1938	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Titanosuchus	Owen	1876	Valid.	Upper Permian^[20]	South Africa^[20]
Traversodontoides	Young	1974	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Trichasaurus	Williston	1913	Valid.
Trochosuchus	Broom	1908	Valid.
Trochosaurus	Haughton	1915	Valid.
Tropidostoma	Broom	1915	Valid.
Turfanodon	Sun	1973	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dicynodon^[6]
Ulemica	Ivakhnenko	1996	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Ulemosaurus	Ryabinin	1938	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Uralocynodon	Tatarinov	1987	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Uralokannemeyeria	Danilov	1971	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]	Considered synonym of Kannemeyeria ^[6]
Uraniscosaurus	Nopsca	1928	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Deuterosaurus^[1]
Urumchia	Young	1952	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Varanodon	Olson	1965	Valid.
Varanops	Williston	1911	Valid.	Lower Permian^[2]	United States of America^[2]
Varanosaurus	Broili	1904	Valid.	Lower Permian^[2]	United States of America^[2]
Venjukovia	Amaltskii	1922	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Viatkosuchus	Tatarinov	1995	Valid.
Vinceria	Bonaparte	1969	Valid.
Wadiasaurus	Roychodhury	1970	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[48]	India^[48]
Wangwosaurus	Young	1979	Valid.
Watongia	Olson	1974	Valid.	Middle Permian^[49]	United States of America^[49]
Watsoniella	Broili Schroder	1935	Valid.
Whaitsia	Haughton	1918	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Xiyukannemeyeria	Liu Li	2003	Valid.
Xyrospondylus	Reisz Heaton Pynn	1982	Valid.
Yikezhaogia	Li	1984	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[6]	China^[6]
Yunnania	Cui	1976	Preocc.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by gastropod Yunnania Mansuy, 1912
Yunnanodon	Cui	1986	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[6]	China^[6]	Replacement name by Yunnania Cui, 1976^[6]
Zambiasaurus	Cox	1969	Valid.
Zopherosuchus	Tchudinov	1983	Valid.	Upper Permian^[7]	Russia^[7]
Zorillodontops	Cluver	1969	Valid.

File:Cotylorhynchus BW.jpg

Cotylorhynchus.

File:Ctenospondylus BW.jpg

Ctenospondylus.

File:MUSEU3X.JPG

Dinodontosaurus.

Haptodus.

File:Oedaleops2db.jpg

Oedaleops.

File:Sauroctonus scull.jpg

Sauroctonus.

Sphenacodon.

References

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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Sumida, S. J. & Martin, K. L. M. (eds.). Amniote Origins - Completing the Transition to Land. Academic Press, 1997. 510 p.
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^ ^a ^b Olson, E. C. & Barghusen, H. 1962. Permian vertebrates from Oklahoma and Texas. Oklahoma geological Survey 59: 1-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj Lucas, S. G. Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press, New York, 2001.
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^ ^a ^b Reisz, R. R. & Dilkes, D. W. 2003. Archaeovenator hamiltonensis, a new varanopid from the upper carboniferous of Kansas. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 40: 667-678.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bonaparte, J. F.; Martinelli, A. G. & Schultz, C. L. 2005. New information on Brasilodon and Brasilitherium (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8 (1) 25-46.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A. 2002. On the cranial morphology of the basal therapsids Burnetia and Proburnetia (Therapsida: Burnetiidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (2): 257-267.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Tverdokhlebov, V. P.; Tverdokhlebova, G. I.; Surkov, M. V. & Benton, M. J. 2002. Tetrapod localities from the Triassic of the SE of European Russia. Earth-Science Reviews 60: 1-66.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Modesto, S. P. & Reisz, R. R. 1990. Taxonomic status of Edaphosaurus raymondi Case. Journal of Paleontology 60 (6): 1049-1051.
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^ ^a ^b Dilkes, D. W. & Reisz, R. R. 1996. First record of a basal synapsid ('Mammal-like Reptile') in Gondwana. Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences 263: 1165-1170.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Cox, C. B. 1964. On the palate, dentition, and classification of the fossil reptile Endothiodon and related genera. American Museum Novitates 2171: 1-20.
^ ^a ^b Rubidge, B. S.; King, G. M. & Hancox, P. J. 1994. The postcranial skeleton of the earliest dicynodont synapsid Eodicyninodon from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Paleontology 37 (2): 397-408.
^ ^a ^b Abdala, F. & Malabarba, M. C. 2007. Enamel microstructure in Exaeretodon, a Late Triassic South American traversodontid (Therapsida: Cynodontia). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 10 (2): 71-78.
^ ^a ^b Modesto, S. P. 1994. The Lower Permian synapsid Glaucosaurus from Texas. Paleontology 37 (1): 51-60.
^ ^a ^b Godefroit, P. 1999. New traversodontid teeth from the Upper Triassic of Habay-la-Vieille (southern Belgium). Paläontologische Zietschdrift 73 (3/4): 385-394.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Colbert, E. H. & Kitching, J. W. 1977. Triassic cynodont reptiles from Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2611: 1-30.
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^ ^a ^b Kurkin, A. A. 2006. A new dicynodont from the Upper Permian of Tatarstan. Paleontological Journal 50 (4): 434-437.
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^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A. & Welman, J. 2003. A second specimen of Lemurosaurus pricei (Therapsida: Burnetiamorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 (3): 631-642.
^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A.; Hopson, J. A. & Keyser, A. W. 2004. A new burnetiamorph therapsid from the teekloof formation, Permian, of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (4): 938–950.
^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A. 2003. The naris and palate of Lycaenodon longiceps (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia), with comments on their early evolution in the Therapsida. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 977-984.
^ ^a ^b Liu, J.; Soares, M. B. & Reichel, M. 2008. Massetognathus (Cynodontia, Traversodontidae) from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 11 (1): 27-36.
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^ ^a ^b Hopson, J. A. & Sues, H.-D. 2006. A traversodont cynodont from the Middle Triassic of Baden-Württemberg (Germany). Palaontologische Zietschrift 80 (4): 124-129.
^ ^a ^b Mazin, J. M. & King, G. M. 1991. The first dicynodont from the Late Permian of Malagasy. Paleontology 34 (4): 837-842.
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^ ^a ^b Smith, R. M.; Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A. 2006. A new burnetiid (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Upper Permian of South Africa and its biogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (2): 331-343.
^ ^a ^b Sues, H.- D.; Olsen, P. E. & Carter, J. G. 1999. A Late Triassic Traversodont Cynodont from the Newark Supergroup of North Carolina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (2): 351-354.
^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A. & Smith, R. M. 2004. A new galesaurid (Therapsida: Cynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa. Paleontology 47 (3): 535-556.
^ ^a ^b Anderson, J. S. & Reisz, R. R. 2004. Pyozia mesenensis, a new small varanopid from Russia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (1): 173-179
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Roychodhury, T. 1970. Two new dicynodonts from the Triassic Yerrapalli Formation of central India. Paleontology 13 (1): 132-144.
^ ^a ^b Reisz, R. R. & Laurin, M. 2004. A reevaluation of the enigmatic Permian synapsid Watongia and of its stratigraphic significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 41: 377–386.

External links

Main Groups of Non-Mammalian Synapsida

[battail-surkov-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by Battail, B. & Surkov, M. V. Mammal-like reptiles from Russia. In Benton, M. J.; Shishkin, M. A.; Unwin, D. M.; Kurochkin, E. N. The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 672 p.

[Sumida-Martin-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Sumida, S. J. & Martin, K. L. M. (eds.). Amniote Origins - Completing the Transition to Land. Academic Press, 1997. 510 p.

[Romer-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Romer, A. S. 1937. New genera and species of pelycosaurian reptiles. Proccedings of the New England Zoological Club XVI: 90-96.

[Ivakhnenko08-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Ivakhnenko, M. F. 2008. The first whaitsiid (Therocephalia, Theromorpha) from the terminal Permian of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 42 (4): 409-413.

[Olson-Barghusen-5] Olson, E. C. & Barghusen, H. 1962. Permian vertebrates from Oklahoma and Texas. Oklahoma geological Survey 59: 1-20.

[Lucas01-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj Lucas, S. G. Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press, New York, 2001.

[Modesto-Rybcynski-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Modesto, S. P. & Rybcynski, N. The amniote faunas of the Russian Permian: implications for Late Permian terrestrial vertebrate biogeography. In Benton, M. J.; Shishkin, M. A.; Unwin, D. M.; Kurochkin, E. N. The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 672 p.

[Reisz-Dilkes92-8] Reisz, R. R. & Dilkes, D. W. 1992. The taxonomic position of Anningia megalops, a small amniote from the Permian of South Africa. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 29 (7): 1605–1608.

[Angielczyk-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Angielczyk, K. D. 2004. Phylogenetic evidence for and implications of a dual origin of propaliny in anomodont therapsids (Synapsida). Paleobiology 30 (2): 268–296.

[Reisz-Dilkes03-10] Reisz, R. R. & Dilkes, D. W. 2003. Archaeovenator hamiltonensis, a new varanopid from the upper carboniferous of Kansas. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 40: 667-678.

[Rubidge-11] Rubidge, B. S. 1994. Australosyodon, the first primitive anteosaurid dinocephalian from the Upper Permian of Gondwana. Paleontology 37 (3): 579-594.

[Langston-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Langston, w. 1965. Oedalops campi (Reptilia: Pelycosauria) new genus and species from the Lower Permian of New Mexico and the family Eothryrididae. Bulletim of Texas Memorial Museum 9: 1-45.

[Tverdokhlebov_et_al05-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Tverdokhlebov, V. P.; Tverdokhlebova, G. I.; Surkov, M. v.; Minikh, A. V. & Benton, M. J. 2005. Upper Permian vertebrates and their sedimentological context in the South Urals, Russia. Earth-Science Reviews 69: 27-77.

[Watabe-Tsubamoto-Tsogtbaatar-14] Watabe, M.; Tsubamoto, T. & Tsogtbaatar, K. 2007. A new tritylodontid synapsid from Mongolia. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 52 (2): 263–274.

[Li00-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Li, J. 2000. The most primitive lower tetrapod fauna in China. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 44 (1): 47-51.

[Sues-Olsen-16] Sues, H. -D. & Olsen, P. E. 1990. Triassic vertebrates of Gondwanan aspect from the Richmond basin of Virginia. Science 249: 1020-1022.

[Bonaparte-Martinelli-Schultz-17] Bonaparte, J. F.; Martinelli, A. G. & Schultz, C. L. 2005. New information on Brasilodon and Brasilitherium (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8 (1) 25-46.

[Rubidge-Sidor02-18] Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A. 2002. On the cranial morphology of the basal therapsids Burnetia and Proburnetia (Therapsida: Burnetiidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (2): 257-267.

[Abdala-Ribeiro-19] Abdala, F. & Ribeiro, A. M. 2000. A new therioherpetid cynodont from the Santa Maria Formation (middle Late Triassic), southern Brazil. Geodiversitas 22 (4 : 589-596.

[Dixon-Cox-Savage-Gardine-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Dixon, D.; Cox, B.; Savage, R. J. G. & Gardine, B. (eds.). The Macmillan Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988.

[Tverdokhlebov_et_al02-21] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Tverdokhlebov, V. P.; Tverdokhlebova, G. I.; Surkov, M. V. & Benton, M. J. 2002. Tetrapod localities from the Triassic of the SE of European Russia. Earth-Science Reviews 60: 1-66.

[Abdala-22] Abdala, F. Redescripción del cráneo y reconsideración de la validez de Cynognathus minor (Eucynodontia, Cynognathidae) del Triásico Inferior del Mendoza. Ameghiniana 33 (2): 115-126.

[Prasad-23] Prasad, G. V. R. Sedimentary Basins and Fossil Records. In Singhvi, A. K.; Bhattacharya, A. & Guha, S. (eds.). Glimpses of Geo-Science Research in India: Indian Report to IUGS 2002-2008. Indian National Science Academy, 2008.

[Modesto-Reisz90-24] Modesto, S. P. & Reisz, R. R. 1990. Taxonomic status of Edaphosaurus raymondi Case. Journal of Paleontology 60 (6): 1049-1051.

[Sidor-Hancox-25] Sidor, C. A. & Hancox, P. J. 2006. Elliotherium kersteni, a new tritheledontid from the Lower Elliot Formation (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. Journal of Paleontology 80 (2): 333-342.

[Dilkes-Reisz-26] Dilkes, D. W. & Reisz, R. R. 1996. First record of a basal synapsid ('Mammal-like Reptile') in Gondwana. Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences 263: 1165-1170.

[Cox64-27] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Cox, C. B. 1964. On the palate, dentition, and classification of the fossil reptile Endothiodon and related genera. American Museum Novitates 2171: 1-20.

[Rubidge-King-Hancox-28] Rubidge, B. S.; King, G. M. & Hancox, P. J. 1994. The postcranial skeleton of the earliest dicynodont synapsid Eodicyninodon from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Paleontology 37 (2): 397-408.

[Abdala-Malabarba-29] Abdala, F. & Malabarba, M. C. 2007. Enamel microstructure in Exaeretodon, a Late Triassic South American traversodontid (Therapsida: Cynodontia). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 10 (2): 71-78.

[Modesto-30] Modesto, S. P. 1994. The Lower Permian synapsid Glaucosaurus from Texas. Paleontology 37 (1): 51-60.

[Godefroit-31] Godefroit, P. 1999. New traversodontid teeth from the Upper Triassic of Habay-la-Vieille (southern Belgium). Paläontologische Zietschdrift 73 (3/4): 385-394.

[Colbert-Kitching-32] Colbert, E. H. & Kitching, J. W. 1977. Triassic cynodont reptiles from Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2611: 1-30.

[Botha-Smith07-33] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Botha J. & Smith, R. H. M. 2007. Lystrosaurus species composition across the Permo–Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Lethaia 40: 125–137.

[Kurkin-34] Kurkin, A. A. 2006. A new dicynodont from the Upper Permian of Tatarstan. Paleontological Journal 50 (4): 434-437.

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[Liu-Soares-Reichel-39] Liu, J.; Soares, M. B. & Reichel, M. 2008. Massetognathus (Cynodontia, Traversodontidae) from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 11 (1): 27-36.

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[Hopson-Sues-41] Hopson, J. A. & Sues, H.-D. 2006. A traversodont cynodont from the Middle Triassic of Baden-Württemberg (Germany). Palaontologische Zietschrift 80 (4): 124-129.

[Mazin-King-42] Mazin, J. M. & King, G. M. 1991. The first dicynodont from the Late Permian of Malagasy. Paleontology 34 (4): 837-842.

[Rubidge-Sidor-Modesto-43] Rubidge, B. S.; Sidor, C. A. & Modesto, S. P. 2006. A new burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Burnetiamorpha) from the Middle Permian of South Africa. Journal of Paleontology 80 (4): 740-749.

[Smith-Rubidge-Sidor-44] Smith, R. M.; Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A. 2006. A new burnetiid (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Upper Permian of South Africa and its biogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (2): 331-343.

[Sues-Olsen-Carter-45] Sues, H.- D.; Olsen, P. E. & Carter, J. G. 1999. A Late Triassic Traversodont Cynodont from the Newark Supergroup of North Carolina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (2): 351-354.

[Sidor-Smith-46] Sidor, C. A. & Smith, R. M. 2004. A new galesaurid (Therapsida: Cynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa. Paleontology 47 (3): 535-556.

[Anderson-Reisz-47] Anderson, J. S. & Reisz, R. R. 2004. Pyozia mesenensis, a new small varanopid from Russia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (1): 173-179

[Roychowdhury-48] Roychodhury, T. 1970. Two new dicynodonts from the Triassic Yerrapalli Formation of central India. Paleontology 13 (1): 132-144.

[Reisz-Laurin-49] Reisz, R. R. & Laurin, M. 2004. A reevaluation of the enigmatic Permian synapsid Watongia and of its stratigraphic significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 41: 377–386.

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Naming conventions and terminology

The list

See also

References

External links