Two-stream approximation
Two stream approximation of the radiative transfer equation - approximation of the radiative transfer equation in which radiation is propagating in only two discrete direction.
This approximation captures essence of the radiative transport in light scattering atmosphere. [1] Two stream approximation is commonly used in parameterizations of radiative transport in global circulation models and in weather forecasting models such as WRF. There is a surprisingly large number of applications of the two stream approximations, including variants such as Kubelka-Munk approximation. The two stream approximation is the simplest approximation which can be used to explain common observation inexplicable by single-scattering arguments, such as the brightness and color of the clear sky, the brightness of clouds, the whiteness of a glass of milk, the darkening of sand upon wetting. [2] The two stream approximation comes in many variants, including Eddington approximation, Modified Eddington, Quadrature, Hemispheric constant models. [1] Modern mathematical description of the two stream approximation is given in several books. [3] [4]
See also
Notes and references
- ^ a b W.E. Meador and W.R. Weaver, 1980, Two-Stream Approximations to Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres: A Unified Description of Existing Methods and a New Improvement, 37, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 630–643 http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0469/37/3/pdf/i1520-0469-37-3-630.pdf
- ^ Bohren, Craig F., 1987, Multiple scattering of light and some of its observable consequences, American Journal of Physics, 55, 524-533.
- ^ G. E. Thomas and K. Stamnes (1999). Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-40124-0.
- ^ Grant W. Petty (2006). A First Course In Atmospheric Radiation (2nd Ed.). Sundog Publishing, Madison, Wisconsin. ISBN 10: 0-9729033-1-3.
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