User:Cycomachead

Explicit formulas for small systems

Consider the linear system

$ax+by={\color {red}e}\,$

$cx+dy={\color {red}f}\,$

which in matrix format is

${\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}{\color {red}e}\\{\color {red}f}\end{bmatrix}}.$

Then, x and y can be found with Cramer's rule as:

$x={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}\color {red}{e}&b\\\color {red}{f}&d\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}}}={{\color {red}e}d-b{\color {red}f} \over ad-bc}$

and

$y={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a&\color {red}{e}\\c&\color {red}{f}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}}}={a{\color {red}f}-{\color {red}e}c \over ad-bc}.$

The rules for 3×3 are similar. Given:

$ax+by+cz={\color {red}j},\,$

$dx+ey+fz={\color {red}k},\,$

$gx+hy+iz={\color {red}l},\,$

which in matrix format is

{{{1}}}}

x, y and z can be found as follows:

$x={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}{\color {red}j}&b&c\\{\color {red}k}&e&f\\{\color {red}l}&h&i\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a&b&c\\d&e&f\\g&h&i\end{vmatrix}}},\quad y={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a&{\color {red}j}&c\\d&{\color {red}k}&f\\g&{\color {red}l}&i\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a&b&c\\d&e&f\\g&h&i\end{vmatrix}}},{\text{ and }}z={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a&b&{\color {red}j}\\d&e&{\color {red}k}\\g&h&{\color {red}l}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a&b&c\\d&e&f\\g&h&i\end{vmatrix}}}.$