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Generational list of programming languages

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Programming language lists
Alphabetical Categorical Chronological Generational
v t e

Here, a genealogy of programming languages is shown. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Of course, any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.

ALGOL based

ALGOL (also under FORTRAN)
- Atlas Autocode
- ALGOL 60
  - Simula (see also Simula based languages)
- ALGOL 68
- Burroughs Extended ALGOL
- ALGOL W
  - Pascal
    - Ada
      - SPARK
    - Turbo Pascal
      - Object Pascal (Delphi)
        Free Pascal (FPC)
        
        Kylix (same as Delphi, but for Linux)
    - Euclid
      - Concurrent Euclid
      - Turing
        Turing Plus
        
        Object Oriented Turing
    - Modula-2
      - Modula-3
      - Oberon (Oberon-1)
        Oberon-2
        Component Pascal
      - Lua (also under Scheme and SNOBOL)
- CPL
  - BCPL
    - B
    - C
      - Python
      - tcsh (also under sh)
      - Alef
        Limbo
      - Coyote
      - C++
        Java
        Groovy
        
        Join Java
        
        J#
        
        Processing
        
        X10
        
        C#
        Windows PowerShell (also under DCL, ksh and Perl)
      - C--
      - D
      - ColdFusion
      - eC (Ecere C)
      - LPC
        Pike
      - Objective-C (also under Smalltalk)
      - PCASTL (also under Lisp)
      - Perl
        Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL and ksh)
        
        S2
        
        PHP
        
        PDL (also under APL)
      - QuakeC
    - MCPL

APL based

APL
- A+
- Glee
- J (also under FL)
- K (also under LISP)
- NESL
- PDL (also under Perl)

BASIC based

BASIC (also under FORTRAN II)
- Amiga Basic
- AMOS BASIC
- BASIC Stamp
- BASIC09
- Basic4GL
- BlitzBasic
  - Blitz3D
  - BlitzMax
  - BlitzPlus
- Business Basic
- Caché Basic
- COMAL
- DarkBASIC
- Euphoria
- GWBasic
- PlayBASIC
- PowerBASIC
- Quickbasic
  - QBasic
    - Liberty BASIC
      - Just BASIC
      - Run BASIC
- RealBasic
- thinBasic
- TI-BASIC
- TrueBASIC
- Visual Basic
  - VBScript
  - Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
  - Visual Basic .NET
- YaBasic

COBOL based

COBOL
- DIBOL
- WATBOL

Batch languages

COMIT based

COMIT
- SNOBOL
  - Icon
    - Unicon
  - Lua (also under Modula and Scheme)

DCL based

DCL
- Windows PowerShell (also under C#, ksh and Perl)

FP based

FP (Function Programming)
- FL (Function Level)
  - J (also under APL)

Forth based

FORTH
- InterPress
  - PostScript
- Joy
  - Factor
  - Cat
- RPL (also under Lisp)

Fortran based

Fortran
- FORTRAN II
  - BASIC (see also BASIC based languages)
- FORTRAN IV
  - PORTRAN
- FORTRAN 66
- FORTRAN 77
- Fortran 90
- Fortran 95
  - F
- Fortran 2003
- Ratfor
- WATFOR
- WATFIV
- FORMAC
- ALGOL (see also ALGOL based languages)

HyperTalk based

HyperTalk
- AppleScript
- Revolution

JOSS based

JOSS
- CAL
- TELCOMP
- FOCAL
- MUMPS
  - Caché ObjectScript

Lisp based

Lisp
- Arc
- AutoLISP
- Clojure
- Common Lisp
- Emacs Lisp
- K (also under APL)
- Logo
- Nu programming language
- RPL (also under Forth)
- S
  - R
    - PCASTL (also under ALGOL)
- Scheme
  - Guile
  - Pico
  - T
  - Lua (also under Modula and SNOBOL)

SASL Based

SASL
- Kent Recursive Calculator
- Miranda
  - Haskell

ML based

ML
- Standard ML (SML)
  - Alice
- Caml
  - Objective Caml (OCaml)
  - F#
- MCPL (also under BCPL)

PL based

PL/1
- PL/M
  - PL/M-86
- PL/C
- REXX
- SP/k

Prolog based

Prolog
- PROLOG II, III, IV
- CLP(R), CLP(FD)
- Mercury
- Erlang
- Logtalk

Today based

Today
- BuildProfessional

sh based

Sh
- bash
- csh
- tcsh (also under C)
- zsh
- ksh
  - Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL and Perl)

ed based

ed
- sed
- awk
  - perl (also under C)

SETL based

SETL
- ABC
  - Python
  - Boo

Eiffel based

Eiffel
- Sather
- Ubercode

Simula based

Simula (also under ALGOL 60)
- C++ (also under C)
- Smalltalk
  - Objective-C (hybrid of C and Smalltalk)
  - Ruby
  - Self
    - JavaScript (originally LiveScript)
    - NewtonScript
      - Io
    - Slate
- BETA

Others

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External links

Diagram & history of programming languages

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