K pattern flamethrower
| K pattern flamethrower | |
|---|---|
 An insurgent during the Warsaw Uprising with a K pattern flamethrower | |
| Type | Flamethrower |
| Place of origin |  Poland |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1944 |
| Used by | Polish Home Army |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Produced | 1942-1944 |
| No. built | several hundreds |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Template:Kg to lb filled |
| Crew | 4 |
The K pattern (Polish: wzór K) was a man-portable backpack flamethrower, produced in occupied Poland during World War II for the underground Home Army. These flamethrowers were used in the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.
Construction
Design work upon a simple flamethrower for the Polish underground, fit to be produced in ordinary workshops, of available material, started in 1942, on request of the Home Army main headquarters. Its main purpose was to be used against armoured vehicles. There were several designs produced, of which most popular was K pattern, becoming a sort of standard weapon of the Polish underground[1]. An exact number of produced weapons is difficult to estimate, but it was several hundreds (only in one workshop of Antoni Więckowski in Warsaw there were about 400 produced[1]). Its production was focused in Warsaw. Due to production conditions, many flamethrowers differed in details.
Main parts of the flamethrower were two steel cylindrical tanks for a fuel, connected with each other (15 l capacity total, height 45 cm, diameter 16 cm) and a compressed air bottle (6 l, height 60 cm, diameter 12 cm)[1]. This tank assembly was fitted with straps to permit it to be carried on the operator's back. Fuel was a mixture of diesel fuel (75%) and gasoline (25%). There was a valve between fuel and air tanks. A rubber fuel hose connected the assembly with a fuel gun, which was a pipe 114-cm long, fitted with a valve at the muzzle, operated with a handle[1].
After opening a fuel gun valve, the fuel was propelled with compressed air and was ignited by a simple mesh basket wrapped with a flaming rope, at the muzzle of the fuel gun (the rope must have been ignited before action). Normal way of operation were short 1-second bursts - about 30 could be fired[1]. The mesh basket with the rope was extinguished with a tin can.
The K-pattern flamethrower appeared a successful weapon, considering primitive design and conditions of manufacturing. Its main flaw was, that a pressure of air was decreasing during operation and following bursts were falling closer. After using all fuel, the weapon was refueled by fuel carriers and the compressed air bottle was replaced with a new one, what took about 4 minutes[1].
Combat usage
A flamethrower section consisted of 4 soldiers: a commander, a gunner carrying a flamethrower and two carriers of fuel cans and spare air bottles[1].
At the outbreak of Warsaw Uprising the Polish forces had only 30 flamethrowers - many were lost in secret stores discovered by the Germans, and a number remained in stores that were not available for insurgents[1]. Nonetheless, they were actively used in sectors of most fierce street fighting during the uprising. A number of flamethrowers were produced during the uprising. Most sections acted alone, but there was also one flamethrower company formed.
Sources
- Mariusz Skotnicki, Miotacz ognia wzór "K", in: Nowa Technika Wojskowa 7/98, p.59. ISSN 1230-1655