Topics in cryptography

List of Topics in cryptography.

MD5 (one of a series of message digest algorithms by Prof Ron Rivest of MIT; 128 bit digest)
SHA-1 (developed at NSA 160-bit digest; the first released version was defective and replaced by this one; NSA has released several variants with longer 'digest' lengths)
RIPEMD-160 (developed in Europe for the RIPE project; 160-bit digest)
Tiger (by Ross Anderson et al)

PGP (a name shared by several programs, some of which, especially recently, have not been Free Software in the GNU sense)
GPG
SSH
IPSec / Free S/WAN

Enigma (WWII German rotor cypher machine -- many variants, many user networks for most variants)
Purple (highest security WWII Japanese Foreign Office cypher machine)
SIGABA (WWII US cypher machine)
JN-25 (WWII Japanese Navy superencyphered code; many variants over time)
One-time pad (Vernam and Mauborgne, patented mid-'20s)
Data Encryption Standard (DES, FIPS 46-3, 1976)
Lucifer cipher (by Tuchman et al of IBM, early 1970s; modified by NSA/NBS and released as DES)
RC4 cipher (one of a series by Prof Ron Rivest of MIT)
Blowfish (by Bruce Schneier, et al)
International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA -- J Massey and X Lai of ETH Zurich)
CAST5 (one of a series of algorithms by Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares; they are adamant however that the name is not due to their initials)
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES, FIPS 197, 2001 -- by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen)
Twofish (AES finalist, by Bruce Schneier et al)
RC6 (AES finalist, by Ron Rivest et al)
MARS (AES finalist, by Don Coppersmith et al)
Serpent cipher (AES finalist, by Ross Anderson et al)
Iraqi Block Cipher (IBC)