Highly optimized tolerance

In complex systems research, highly optimized tolerance is "a general framework for studying complexity", in the words of J. M. Carlson (of the University of California, Santa Barbara) and John Doyle (of the California Institute of Technology). Doyle and Carlson have been the main proponents of highly optimized tolerance.

In Reference 3, they wrote that probability-loss-resource problems are the "simplest examples" of highly optimized tolerance.

References

1. Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (1999) Phys. Rev. E 60, 1412–1427.
2. Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2529–2532.
3. Doyle, J. & Carlson, J. M. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5656–5659.
4. Zhou, T. & Carlson, J. M. (2000), Phys. Rev. E 62, 3197–3204.
5. Robert, C., Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (2001) Phys. Rev. E 63, 56122, 1–13.
6. Zhou, T., Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 2049–2054.