Highly optimized tolerance

In complex systems research, highly optimized tolerance is "a general framework for studying complexity", in the words of J. M. Carlson (of the University of California, Santa Barbara) and John Doyle (of the California Institute of Technology).

References

Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (1999) Phys. Rev. E 60, 1412–1427.
Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2529–2532.
Doyle, J. & Carlson, J. M. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5656–5659.
Zhou, T. & Carlson, J. M. (2000), Phys. Rev. E 62, 3197–3204.
Robert, C., Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (2001) Phys. Rev. E 63, 56122, 1–13.
Zhou, T., Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 2049–2054.

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