European Train Control System
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The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a signalling and control system designed to replace the 14 incompatible safety systems currently used by European Railways, especially on high-speed lines. The specification was written in 1996 in response to EU Council Directive 96/48/EC of 23 July 1996 on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system. ETCS is being tested by six Railway companies since 1999.
European railway networks grew as ss separate national networks that have little more in common than standard gauge. Notable differences include different voltages, signalling and control systems. These include
- ATB (Netherlands)
- ATC (Sweden)
- Crocodile/Memor (Belgium, France)
- EVM 120 (Hungary)
- Indusi, PZB (Germany, Austria)
- Integra-Signum (Switzerland)
- LS90 (Czech republic)
- LZB (Germany)
- Mirel (Eastern Europe)
- PHP (Poland)
- RS4 Codici, SCMT (Italy)
- TBL (Belgium)
- TVM (France)
- ZUB (Switzerland, Spain, Denmark)