Fundamental modeling concepts
Fundamental Modeling Concepts (FMC) provide a framework to describe software-intensive systems. It strongly emphasizes the communication about software-intensive systems by using a semi-formal graphical notation that can easily be understood.
Introduction
FMC distinguishes three perspectives to look at a software system:
- Structure of the system
- Processes in the system
- Value domains of the system
FMC defines a dedicated diagram type for each perspective. FMC diagrams use a simple and lean notation. The purpose of FMC diagrams is to facilitate the communication about a software system, not only between technical experts but also between technical experts and business or domain experts. The comprehensibility of FMC diagrams has made them famous among its supporters.
The common approach when working with FMC is to start with a high-level diagram of the compositional structure of a system. This “big picture” diagram serves as a reference in the communication with all involved stakeholders of the project. Later on, the high-level diagram is iteratively refined to model technical details of the system. Complementary diagrams for processes observed in the system or value domains found in the system are introduced as needed.
Diagram Types
FMC uses three diagram types to model different aspects of a system:
- Compositional Structure Diagram depicts the static structure of a system. This diagram type is also known as FMC Block Diagram
- Dynamic Structure Diagram depicts processes that can be observed in a system. This diagram type is also known as FMC Petri-net
- Value Range Structure Diagram depicts structures of values found in the system. This diagram type is also known as FMC E/R Diagram
All FMC diagrams are bipartite graphs. Each bipartite graph consists of two disjoint sets of vertices with the condition that no vertex is connected to another vortex of the same set. In FMC diagrams, members of one set are represented by angular shapes, and members of the other set are represented by curved shapes. Each element in an FMC diagram can be refined by another diagram of the same type, provided that the combined graph is also bipartite. This mechanism allows modeling all relevant layers of abstraction with the same notation.
Compositional Structure Diagram
Compositional structure diagrams (also known as block diagrams) show the systems structure as a composition of collaborating system components.
- "There are active system components called agents and passive system components called locations. Each agent processes information and thus serves a well-defined purpose. Therefore an agent stores information in storages and communicates via channels or shared storages with other agents. Channels and storages are (virtual) locations where information can be observed." [1]
Dynamic Structure Diagram
Dynamic structures are derived from petri nets.
- "They are used to express system behavior over time, depicting the actions performed by the agents. So they clarify how a system is working and how communication takes place between different agents." [2]
Value Range Structure Diagram
Value range structure diagrams (also known as FMC Entity Relationship Diagrams) can be compared with the Entity-relationship model.
- "[They] are used to depict value range structures or topics as mathematical structures. Value range structures describe observable values at locations within the system whereas topic diagrams allow a much wider usage in order to cover all correlations between interesting points." [3]
References
- Knoepfel, Andreas (2005). Fundamental Modeling Concepts - Effective Communication of IT Systes. Wiley. 0-470-02710-X.
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