PPSh-41
| PPSh-41 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Submachine gun |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1941- |
| Used by | Soviet Army, China, North Korea, North Vietnam/Vietnam, Morocco, various African/Asian nations and guerrilla groups |
| Wars | World War II Korean War Vietnam War Various conflicts in Asia/Africa |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Georgi Shpagin |
| Produced | 1941- |
| No. built | 6,000,000 |
| Variants | Chinese Type 50, Vietnamese K-50, M49 submachine gun |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | (without magazine) 3.63 kg (approx. 8 lbs.) |
| Length | 843 mm |
| Barrel length | 269 mm |
| Cartridge | 7.62 x 25 mm TT |
| Caliber | 7.62 mm |
| Action | Blowback, Open bolt |
| Rate of fire | 900 rounds/min [1] |
| Muzzle velocity | 488 m/s |
| Maximum firing range | ~200 m |
| Feed system | 35 round box magazine 71 round drum magazine |
The PPSh-41 (Pistolet-Pulemet Shpagina, Russian: Пистолет-пулемёт Шпагина, nicknamed Phe-phe-sha, Shpagin and Burp Gun) submachine gun was one of the most mass produced weapons of World War II. It was designed by Georgi Shpagin, as an inexpensive alternative to the PPD-40, which was expensive and time consuming to build. The PPSh had a simple blow-back action, a box or drum magazine, and used the 7.62 x 25 mm pistol round. It was made with metal stampings to ease production, and its chrome-lined chamber and bore helped to make the gun very low-maintenance in combat settings.
History
The impetus for the development of the PPSh came partly from the Winter War against Finland, where it was found that submachine guns were a highly effective tool for close-quarter fighting in forests or built-up urban areas. The weapon was developed in mid-1941 and was produced in a network of factories in Moscow, with high-level local Party members made directly responsible for production targets being met.
A few hundred weapons were produced in November 1941 and another 155,000 were produced over the next five months. By spring 1942, the PPSh factories were producing roughly 3,000 units a day.[1] The PPSh-41 was classic example of a design adapted for mass production (other examples of such wartime design were the M3 Grease Gun and the Sten). Its parts (excluding the barrel) could be produced by a relatively unskilled workforce with simple equipment available in an auto repair garage or tin shop, freeing up more skilled workers to other tasks. The PPSh-41 used 87 components compared to 95 for the PPD-40 and the PPSh could be manufactured with 7.3 machining hours compared with 13.7 hours for the PPD. [2]
On the field, the PPSh was a durable, low-maintenance weapon that could fire 900 rpm. The weapon had a crude compensator to lessen muzzle climb and a hinged receiver which facilitated field-stripping and cleaning the bore in battle conditions.
Over 6 million of these weapons were produced by the end of the war. The Soviets would often equip whole regiments and even entire divisions with the weapon, giving them unmatched short-range firepower. Though 35-round curved box magazines were available from 1942, the average infantryman would keep a higher-capacity drum magazine as the initial load.[3] The drum was a copy of the Finnish M31 Suomi magazine and held 71 rounds, but in practice misfeeding of the spring was likely to occur with more than 65 or so. The standard load was probably one drum and a number of box magazines, when box magazines were available.
Some of the PPSh's drawbacks included the difficulty of reloading, the tendency of the drums to jam (solved by the box magazines) and the high risk of accidental discharge when dropped - the last being a fault common to all open bolt submachine gun designs. Despite these drawbacks, the PPSh-41 was still admired by Soviet soldiers for its low recoil, reliability, and lethality at close range. The PPSh fired the standard 7.62 x 25 mm pistol round such as used in the TT-33 pistol.
The captured PPSh was in particular a favorite weapon of the Germans. Due to the similar dimensions of the Soviet 7.62 x 25 mm and German 9 mm Parabellum cartridges, the PPSh-41 was easily modified, with a 9 mm barrel and a magazine-well adapter to fire from a standard 32-round MP38/40 magazine. The Wehrmacht officially adopted the converted PPSh-41 as the MP41(r), unconverted PPSh-41s were designated MP717(r).[4]
During the war the PPS-43, an even more simplified submachine gun, was introduced in Soviet service, although it didn't replace the PPSh-41 during the war.
Civilian version
The PPSh is a select fire weapon, and can be fired in a semi-automatic mode by toggling the position of a selector switch beneath the trigger guard, next to the trigger. Because fully automatic firearms are typically heavily regulated or prohibited for civilian use, a semi-automatic only version is available, which allows civilians to own and use the weapon.
References
- ^ Rodric Braithwaite, Moscow 1941: A City and its People at War, London: Profile Books, 2006, p. 236.