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Pharmaceutical compound
3C-BZ , also known as 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyamphetamine or as α-methylbenzscaline (3C-benzscaline ), is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine , amphetamine , and 3C families related to 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA).[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] analogue of benzscaline .[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and described in his 1991 book PiHKAL Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved ).[ 1] [ 2] [ 3]
In his book PiHKAL Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved ), Alexander Shulgin lists the dose range is listed as 25 to 200 mg and the duration as 18 to 24 hours.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] LSD or TMA .[ 1]
3C-BZ was originally synthesized by Alexander Shulgin starting from 5-methoxyeugenol (4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol) through a reaction with benzyl chloride to form the benzyloxy derivative of 5-methoxyeugenol.[ 1] tetranitromethane to form 1-[4-(benzyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-2-nitro-1-propene, from which 3C-BZ is obtained by reduction of the nitropropene with lithium aluminium hydride .[ 1]
Another possible synthetic route would be the reaction of benzyl chloride with syringaldehyde to form 3,5-dimethoxy-4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde followed by condensation with nitroethane to form 1-[4-(benzyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-2-nitro-1-propene. The obtained nitropropene can be reduced using lithium aluminium hydride, Red-Al , or an aluminium-mercury amalgam.[citation needed
3C-BZ was first described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin and colleagues by 1978.[ 4] [ 5]
^ a b c d e f g h i Shulgin A , Shulgin A (September 1991). PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story Berkeley, California : Transform Press . ISBN 0-9630096-0-5 OCLC 25627628 .3C-BZ Entry in PiHKAL ^ a b c d e f Trachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C (2013). Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function ]. Nachtschatten-Science (in German) (1 ed.). Solothurn: Nachtschatten-Verlag. pp. 705, 717, 736. ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4 OCLC 858805226 . Retrieved 31 January 2025 . Die Substanz Benzscalin (BZ; 61) [69, 82] wurde bis anhin im Menschen offiziell nicht evaluiert. Jedoch wuide diese Substanz von der Gesellschaft für chemische Industrie in Basel im Jahre 1931 patentiert und sollte zu therapeutischen Zwecken Verwendung finden [82]. Der Fakt, dass sein Amphetamin- oder 3C-Gegenstück 3C-BZ (100) seine Aktivität im Menschen mit einer großen Unsicherheit bezüglich der Dosis zeigte (25-200mg; n=10) [19] veranlasste bis anhin nicht dazu, weitere Untersuchungen am BZ (61) zu tätigen. Vielleicht trägt hier der genetische Polymorphismus zu einem stark unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Metabolismus der Benzylgruppe bei. Wäre die Substanz 3C-BZ (100) eine potente, klar definierte Substanz gewesen, so ließen sich dutzende neue aktive Verbindungen herstellen [19] und man könnte mit großen und kleinen sowie elektronenziehenden und -stoßenden Gruppen am Aromaten die Wirkung modulieren. Die Substanz Phescalin (PH; 60) wurde bis anhin nicht beschrieben; im Falle interessanter pharmakologischen Eigenschaften ließe sich auch hier der Einfluss diverser Substituenten am Phenoxyring prüfen. Große, Iipophile Substituenten in der 4-Position haben bei den 2,4,5-trisubstituierten Phenylalkylaminen zu 5-HT2A-Rezcptorantagonisten geführt. Dies könnte auch hier der Fall sein, das wurde jedoch bis anhin nicht abgeklärt. ^ a b c d e f Kolaczynska KE, Luethi D, Trachsel D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (2021). "Receptor Interaction Profiles of 4-Alkoxy-3,5-Dimethoxy-Phenethylamines (Mescaline Derivatives) and Related Amphetamines" . Front Pharmacol . 12 794254. doi :10.3389/fphar.2021.794254 PMC 8865417 PMID 35222010 . Since the amphetamine homolog 3C-BZ induces psychedelic effects similar to LSD (3) or TMA (6) (Shulgin and Shulgin 1991), [benzscaline (BZ)] (33) may induce psychedelic effects as well, based on its similar structure and high binding affinity at the 5-HT2A receptor. ^ Shulgin AT (1978). "Psychotomimetic Drugs: Structure-Activity Relationships" . In Iversen LL, Iversen SD, Snyder SH (eds.). Stimulants 243– 333. doi :10.1007/978-1-4757-0510-2_6 . ISBN 978-1-4757-0512-6 ^ Braun U, Braun G, Jacob P, Nichols DE, Shulgin AT (1978). "Mescaline Analogs: Substitutions at the 4-Position" (PDF) . In Barnett G, Trsic M, Willette RE (eds.). QuaSAR: Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships Of Analgesics, Narcotic Antagonists, And Hallucinogens (PDF) . National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph Series. Vol. 22. National Institute on Drug Abuse. pp. 27– 37. PMID 101882 .
No ring subs. 4-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Methoxytryptamines Other ring subs.
2,N ,N -TMT 4,N ,N -TMT 5-Bromo-DMT 5-Chloro-DMT 5-Fluoro-DMT 5-N ,N -TMT 7,N ,N -TMT 5-MeO-2,N ,N -TMT 5-MeO-4,N ,N -TMT 6-Fluoro-DMT Bretisilocin (GM-2505; 5-fluoro-MET) α-Alkyltryptamines
5-Methoxy-α-alkyltryptamines: 5-MeO-AET α,N ,N -TMT (α-Me-DMT; Alpha-N) 5-MeO-AMT (α,O -DMS; Alpha-O) α,N ,O -TMS (5-MeO-α,N -DMT) α,N ,N ,O -TeMS (5-MeO-α,N ,N -TMT) Others
Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g., LSD )β-Carbolines and Harmala alkaloidsharmine , harmaline , 6-methoxyharmalan )Iboga alkaloids18-MAC , 18-MC , coronaridine , ibogaine , ibogamine , ME-18-MC , noribogaine , tabernanthine , voacangine )Ibogalogs (e.g., ibogainalog )O -MethylnordehydrobufoteninePartial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , RU-28306 , CT-5252 )Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g., pip-T )Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g., pyr-T , 5-MeO-pyr-T )Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g., MPMI , 4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol) , 5-MeO-MPMI )Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g., RU-28253 (5-MeO-THPI) , NEtPhOH-THPI )
Benzofurans (e.g., 5-MeO-DiBF , dimemebfe (5-MeO-BFE) , mebfap )Benzothiophenes (e.g., 3-APBT )Indazolethylamines (e.g., AL-38022A , O -methyl-AL-34662Indenylethylamines (e.g., C-DMT )Isotryptamines (e.g., 6-MeO-isoDMT , Ro60-0175 )MYCO-005 Quinolinylethylamines (e.g., mefloquine )
Others: 2C-B-AN 2C-DB 2C-G-x (e.g., 2C-G-3 , 2C-G-5 )β-Keto-2C-B (βk-2C-B) β-Keto-2C-I (βk-2C-I) β-Methyl-2C-B (BMB) BOB , BOD , BOH-2C-B )HOT-2 , HOT-7 , HOT-17 )N -Ethyl-2C-B2CD-2-ETO , 2CD-5-ETO , 2CE-5-ETO , 2CE-5iPrO , 2CT2-5-ETO , ASR-2001 (2CB-5PrO) ) Others
2-TOET 2-TOM 25B-NAcPip 4-HA 5-TOET 5-TOM Benzofurans (e.g., 5-APB , 5-APDB , 6-APB , 6-APDB , F , F-2 , F-22 )Benzothiophenes (e.g., 5-APBT , 6-APBT )CT-5172 DMAs (e.g., 2,4-DMA , 3,4-DMA )Fenfluramine MMA (3-MeO-4-MA) Norfenfluramine 25D-NM-NDEAOP , DOB-NDEPA , DOI-NDEPA , DOM-NDEPA , DOTFM-NDEPA , M-NDEPA , TMA-2-NDEPA )PMA (4-MA) TMA-3 , TMA-4 , TMA-5 )TOMSO ZDCM-04
1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g., 2CB-Ind , jimscaline )2-Aminoindanes (e.g., DOM-AI )3-Benzazepines (e.g., lorcaserin )3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g., LPH-5 , LPH-48 )Benzocyclobutenes (e.g., 2CBCB-NBOMe , TCB-2 , tomscaline )Benzoxepins (e.g., BBOX , IBOX , TFMBOX )DMBMPP (juncosamine) Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g., LSD )Glaucine Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , DEIMDHPCA , DEMPDHPCA , DEMTMPDHPCA , DEMNDHPCA )Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g., DMCPA , TMT )Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes ) (e.g., 2C-B-aminorex )Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., IHCH-7113 )Z3517967757 ZC-B
Others
Arylpiperazines (e.g., 2C-B-PP , 2-NP , mCPP , MK-212 , ORG-12962 , pCPP , pFPP , quipazine , TFMPP )Dihydrobenzoxazines (e.g., efavirenz )Phenoxyethylamines (e.g., CT-4719 , ORG-37684 )Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., IHCH-7113 )Quinazolinylethylamines (e.g., RH-34 ) Natural sources
Tryptamines: Acacia spp.Acacia acuminata Acacia confusa Ayahuasca and vinho de Jurema (e.g., Psychotria viridis (chacruna)Dipolopterys cabrerana (chaliponga, chacruna)Mimosa tenuiflora (Mimosa hostilis ; jurema)Brosimum Brosimum acutifolium (takini)Hallucinogenic snuffs (e.g., Anadenanthera peregrina (yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica, ebene)Anadenanthera colubrina (vilca, cebil)Incilius alvarius (Bufo alvarius ; Colorado River toad, Sonoran Desert toad; bufo)Psilocybin-containing mushrooms (magic mushrooms, shrooms) (e.g., Psilocybe cubensis Psilocybe mexicana (teonanacatl)Lysergamides: Achnatherum robustum (sleepy grass)Epichloë spp.Ergot (Claviceps ) (e.g., Claviceps purpurea Claviceps paspali Morning glory (Convolvulaceae) seeds (e.g., Ipomoea tricolor (tlitliltzin, badoh negro; Ipomoea violacea )Ipomoea corymbosa (coaxihuitl, ololiúqui; Rivea Corymbosa , Turbina Corymbosa )Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose; HBWR)Periglandula spp.Periglandula ipomoeae Periglandula clandestina
Phenethylamines Amphetamines Phentermines Cathinones Phenylisobutylamines (and further-extended) Catecholamines (and close relatives) Cyclized
Phenylalkylpyrrolidines 2-Benzylpiperidines (phenidates ) Phenylmorpholines (phenmetrazines) Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes) Isoquinolines andtetrahydroisoquinolines 2-Aminoindanes 2-Aminotetralins Others / unsorted
1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g., 2CB-Ind , AMMI , bromojimscaline , jimscaline )2-ADN 2-Benzhydrylpyrrolidine 2C-B-5-hemiFLY-α6 (BNAP) 2C-B-PYR 2CBecca 2CJP 2CLisaB 2CLisaH 3-Benzazepines (e.g., fenoldopam , lorcaserin , 7-chlorolorcaserin , SCHEMBL5334361 )3-Benzhydrylmorpholine 3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g., 3-phenylpiperidine , 3-PPP , OSU-6162 (PNU-96391) , LPH-5 , LPH-48 , Z3517967757 (Z7757) )6-AB AL-1095 Aminochromes (e.g., adrenochrome , adrenolutin )Benzocyclobutenes (e.g., 2CBCB-NBOMe , bromotomscaline , S33005 , TCB-2 , tomscaline )Benzoxepins (e.g., BBOX , IBOX , TFMBOX )Butyltolylquinuclidine Camfetamine Cypenamine (trans -2-phenylcyclopentylamine) Diphenidine Diphenylprolinol DMBMPP Ergolines (e.g., LSD )Fencamfamin GYKI-52895 HDMP-29 Ivabradine Methoxphenidine Methylmorphenate Milnacipran MT-45 2-Naphthylamine Org 6582 Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , RU-27849 , DEIMDHPCA , DEMPDHPCA , DEMPDHPCA-2C-D , RU-27251 )PF-592,379 Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g., DMCPA , TMT , tranylcypromine )Phenylpiracetams (e.g., phenylpiracetam , MRZ-9547 , RGPU-95 )Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., lumateperone , deulumateperone , IHCH-7079 , IHCH-7086 , IHCH-7113 , ITI-1549 )Tetrahydrobenzopyranylamines (e.g., CT-5126 )Tolazoline Tricyclics (e.g., AMDA , AMDH , benzoctamine , dizocilpine , SpAMDA )ZC-B
Related compounds
2-Furylethylamine 2-Pyrrolylethylamine 3-Pyrrolylethylamine 3-Pyrrolylpropylamine 2-Tetrahydrofurylethylamine 4-Benzylpiperidine 7-AB Alkylamines (e.g., 1,3-DMBA Tooltip 1,3-dimethylbutylamine , 1,4-DMAA Tooltip 1,4-dimethylamylamine , heptaminol , iproheptine , isometheptene , methylhexanamine/1,3-DMAA , octodrine , oenethyl , tuaminoheptane )Benzylamines (e.g., benzylamine , α-methylbenzylamine , MDM1EA , ALPHA , M-ALPHA , pargyline )Benzylpiperazines (e.g., benzylpiperazine , MDBZP , fipexide )Cyclohexylaminopropanes (e.g., propylhexedrine , norpropylhexedrine )Cyclopentylaminopropanes (e.g., isocyclamine , cyclopentamine )Phenoxyethylamines (e.g., 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxyethylamine , CT-4719 , ORG-37684 )Phenylalkenylamines (e.g., phenylbutenamine )Phenylalkynylamines (e.g., phenylbutynamine )Phenylpiperazines (e.g., 1-phenylpiperazine , mCPP Tooltip meta-chlorophenylpiperazine , TFMPP Tooltip trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine , oMPP Tooltip ortho-methylphenylpiperazine , pFPP Tooltip para-fluorophenylpiperazine , pMeOPP Tooltip para-methoxyphenylpiperazine )Phenylpropylamines (e.g., phenylpropylamine , homo-MDA , homo-MDMA )Thienylaminopropanes (thiopropamines) (e.g., thiopropamine , methiopropamine , thiothinone )
