Jump to content

Dynamic torque sensor

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Hassaan72 (talk | contribs) at 14:55, 10 July 2025. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Dynamic torque sensor

A dynamic torque sensor is an electronic measurement device used to measure and record torque variations in rotating or dynamically moving mechanical systems[1]. As compared to static torque sensors, which measure torque when the object is stationary, dynamic torque sensors specifically measure rapid fluctuations in torque[2]. Thus, they provide valuable insights into real-time mechanical performance[3].

These sensors are crucial where precise control and monitoring of torque are required.  They play a major role in operational safety[4]. Therefore, aiding engineers and technicians in determining the efficiency of mechanical components such as motors, drive shafts, and rotating equipment[5].

Dynamic torque sensor uses principles such as strain gauge[6] technology, magnetoelastic effects[7], optical sensing[8], or piezoelectric effects[9]. These aid in non-contact measurement hence, serving various industrial requirements[9].

The machinery is increasingly getting complex and the demand for higher accuracy and performance is also increasing. Therefore, this has broadened the role of dynamic torque sensors across various sectors. This includes automotive[5], aerospace[10], renewable energy[11][12], industrial automation[13], and robotics[14][15][16]. Use of dynamic sensors in these sectors is improving efficiency and safety of mechanical systems for manufacturers and users[3].

Working principle

Dynamic torque sensor uses measurement principles such as strain gauge technology, magnetoelastic effects, optical sensing, and piezoelectric effects[6][7][9].

Strain gauge technology

This principle causes strain gauges to deform when torque is applied. This results in changes in electrical resistance proportional to the torque. These sensors provide high accuracy, their reliability and simple integration results in their wide usage[6].

Magnetoelastic Effects

These sensors use changes in magnetic properties when stress by torque is given. The magnetoelastic principle enables non-contact torque measurement thus sensor lifespan and performance in harsh environments are raised[7].

Optical Sensing

Optical torque sensor utilizes light-based techniques namely interferometry or phase shift measurements to detect torque. They provide high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and minimal mechanical interference[8].

Piezoelectric Effects

With use of piezoelectric crystals, when mechanical stress is applied these sensors create an electric charge, thus capturing high-frequency dynamic torque events[9].

Types of dynamic torque sensor

Dynamic torque sensor can be classified according to their sensing technology and application.

Firstly, Rotary torque sensors[17] measure torque on rotating shafts. They use strain gauges or magnetoelastic technology and are used in engines, gearboxes, and drive shafts[17].

Secondly, Non-contact torque sensors[18] measure torque without physical contact. They use magnetoelastic or optical techniques thus reducing wear and maintenance requirements. They are especially helpful in harsh or high-speed environments[18].

Lastly, Reaction torque sensors[19] use strain gauge technology and are engineered to measure torque without rotation. They are used in torque testing benches and component validation setups[19].

Applications

Dynamic torque sensors are used in various industries due to their precision and reliability. They are used in Automotive Industry where engine and transmission testing[20], vehicle dynamics analysis, and development of electric vehicle (EV) drivetrains is done[21].

They are further used in Aerospace where aircraft engines, propellers, and rotor systems are tested, ensuring safety of aerospace components[10].

They are also used in monitoring torque in wind turbines and tidal energy systems, increasing their efficiency[11][12].

Industrial Automation and Robotics uses them in monitoring torque in robotic joints, industrial machinery, and automation systems. Thus, their operational safety and performance is enhanced[15][16].

Technical specifications and performance criteria

Dynamic torque sensors are distinguished by their technical specifications and performance criteria. They are then accordingly considered suitable for specific applications:

  • Sensitivity: Small changes in torque are detected by sensor.
  • Accuracy: Degree to which sensor measurements reflect true torque values.
  • Resolution: Smallest detectable increase in torque.
  • Frequency Response: Range of frequencies over which the sensor accurately measures dynamic torque.
  • Temperature Stability: Accurate measurements maintained by sensor across varying temperatures.
  • Calibration Standards: Adherence to internationally recognized calibration standards (e.g., ISO, ASTM) ensuring consistent measurement accuracy.[22]

Calibration and maintenance

Proper calibration and maintenance of dynamic torque sensors is vital to guarantee their accuracy over time[23]. Both static and dynamic calibration methods are included to maintain sensor accuracy. Furthermore, compliance to recognized calibration standards, such as ISO and ASTM would ensure consistency across measurements. Regular inspection, cleaning, recalibration, and proper handling is also crucial to extend lifespan of sensor[24].

See also

References

  1. ^ US8752439B2, HYTE, JEFFREY Alan, "Dynamic torque sensing system", issued 2014-06-17 
  2. ^ Mateev, Valentin; Marinova, Iliana. "Magnetic Elastomer Sensor for Dynamic Torque". 2019 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF): 1–2. doi:10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9097051.
  3. ^ a b Karki, Dipesh; Dura, Hari Bahadur; Poudel, Laxman (2023-12-30). "Design, construction and performance analysis of dynamic torque transducer". Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education. 6 (1): 118–123. doi:10.3126/jiee.v6i1.43809. ISSN 2594-343X.
  4. ^ Ahmed, Rocksana N.; Akram, Muhammad; Iqbal, Sajid; Bilal, Muhammad. "Design and Analysis of Joint Torque Sensor for Safe Human-Robotic Collaboration". 4th European International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. 11. IEOM Society. doi:10.46254/EU04.20210030. ISBN 978-1-7923-6127-2.
  5. ^ a b Brusamarello, V., Balbinot, A., Gertz, L. C., & Cerviéri, A. (2010, May). Dynamic torque measurement for automotive application. In 2010 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings (pp. 1358-1362). IEEE.
  6. ^ a b c Wang, Xuezhu; Cui, Long; Li, Hongyi; Wang, Yuechao. "Development and optimization of the build-in torque sensor for harmonic drive". 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO): 1774–1779. doi:10.1109/ROBIO.2015.7419029.
  7. ^ a b c Mateev, Valentin; Marinova, Iliana. "Magnetic Elastomer Sensor for Dynamic Torque". 2019 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF): 1–2. doi:10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9097051.
  8. ^ a b Adwant, Mrs A. V.; Singh, Dr Manpreet; Deshmukh, Dr Suhas; Singh, Dr Vijay Kumar (2023-08-10). "Development Of An Optical Torque Sensor And Examining Torque-Vibration Correspondence". Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture. 35: 2242–2254. doi:10.59670/jns.v35i.3952. ISSN 2197-5523.
  9. ^ a b c d Hammond, J. M., & Lec, R. M. (1998, May). A non-contact piezoelectric torque sensor. In Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (Cat. No. 98CH36165) (pp. 715-723). IEEE.
  10. ^ a b Lee, T. H., Low, T. S., Tseng, K. J., & Lim, H. K. (2004). An intelligent indirect dynamic torque sensor for permanent magnet brushless DC drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 41(2), 191-200.
  11. ^ a b Kang, H. S., & Meneveau, C. (2010). Direct mechanical torque sensor for model wind turbines. Measurement Science and Technology, 21(10), 105206.
  12. ^ a b Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Qiao, W., & Qu, L. (2015). A discrete-time direct torque control for direct-drive PMSG-based wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 51(4), 3504-3514.
  13. ^ Beck, J. (2021, April). Torque sensors for high volume production applications. In CTI SYMPOSIUM 2019: 18th International Congress and Expo 9-12 December 2019, Berlin, Germany (pp. 17-24). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  14. ^ Palli, G. I. A. N. L. U. C. A., & Pirozzi, S. (2013). An optical torque sensor for robotic applications. International Journal of Optomechatronics, 7(4), 263-282.
  15. ^ a b Tsetserukou, D., & Tachi, S. (2008). Torque sensors for robot joint control. Sensors, Focus on Tactile, Force and Stress Sensors, 15-36.
  16. ^ a b Li, Z., Li, X., Lin, J., Pang, Y., Yang, D., Zhong, L., & Guo, J. (2023). Design and application of multidimensional force/torque sensors in surgical robots: A review. IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(12), 12441-12454.
  17. ^ a b Morsy, W. (2024). Fabrication of a rotating shaft torque sensor for power data determination of rotary farm implements. Alexandria Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 8(1), 49-56.
  18. ^ a b Zhang, C., Li, Z., Chen, J., Qiu, F., & Na, S. (2021). Design and research of a novel non-contact vertical inductive torque sensor. Measurement, 177, 109252.
  19. ^ a b Muftah, M. H., Haris, S. M., Petroczki, K., & Khidir, E. A. (2013). An improved strain gauge-based dynamic torque measurement method. International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, 7(1), 66-73.
  20. ^ Persson, O., & Persson, G. (2015). Torque Sensor for Automotive Applications. CODEN: LUTEDX/TEIE.
  21. ^ Albers, A., Fischer, J., Behrendt, M., & Lieske, D. (2015). Methods for measuring, analyzing and predicting the dynamic torque of an electric drive used in an automotive drivetrain. SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, 4(2), 363-369.
  22. ^ "Torque Sensors Specifications | GlobalSpec". www.globalspec.com. Retrieved 2025-07-10.
  23. ^ Klaus, Leonard; Hamaji, Misaki (2025). "The State of the Art in Dynamic Torque Calibration". 計測と制御. 64 (2): 66–73. doi:10.11499/sicejl.64.66.
  24. ^ Cheng, L., Su, Y., & Wang, L. (2021, December). Research on the Calibration Method of Torque Sensor. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2136, No. 1, p. 012004). IOP Publishing.


This sandbox is in the article namespace. Either move this page into your userspace, or remove the {{User sandbox}} template.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_torque_sensor&oldid=1299812140"