Large marsh grasshopper
| Large marsh grasshopper | |
|---|---|
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| In Germany | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Genus: | Stethophyma |
| Species: | S. grossum
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| Binomial name | |
| Stethophyma grossum | |
| Synonyms | |
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List
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The large marsh grasshopper[2] (Stethophyma grossum) is a species of grasshopper belonging to the family Acrididae.[3]
Taxonomy
The large marsh grasshopper was first described in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, which was written by Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Linnaeus considered all orthopteran insects to be members of the genus Gryllus, and gave the scientific name Gryllus grossus to this species.[4] Later authors split the orthopterans into multiple genera, and the large marsh grasshopper would therefore be reclassified. French zoologist Pierre André Latreille moved the species into Acrydium in 1804, renaming it as Acrydium grossum, while French entomologist Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville assigned it to Oedipoda in 1839 under the name Oedipoda grossa, and German entomologist Franz Xaver Fieber considered it a member of Mecostethus which he renamed as Mecostethus grossus in 1853.[5][6][7] Later that year, German zoologist Leopold Heinrich Fischer published a book reviewing the orthopterans of Europe in which he determines that the large marsh grasshopper cannot be assigned to any existing genus. He therefore established the genus Stethophyma, of which this species was designated as the type species, renaming the large marsh grasshopper as Stethophyma grossum.[8]
Several authors have established new species based on grasshopper specimens before these were later realized to be large marsh grasshoppers. Swedish entomologist Charles De Geer established a species which he named Acrydium rubripes in 1773, and naturalist Caspar Stoll gave the name Gryllus (Locusta) germanicus in 1813 to a grasshopper species he established.[9][10] The type specimens of both these species were collected in Europe and are now probably lost.[11] When establishing the genus Stethophyma in 1853, Fischer declared that neither of these supposed species were significantly different from the large marsh grasshopper and therefore should be considered junior synonyms of S. grossum.[8] In addition, German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin erected a species named Gryllus flavipes in 1789, which was synonymized with S. grossum by British entomologist William Forsell Kirby in 1910.[12][13]
Distribution and habitat
S. grossum is found throughout Europe, with a few records from western Asia. In the British Isles it is restricted to the New Forest, Dorset, and Somerset Wells and Ireland. It is the largest species of grasshopper to be found in the British Isles.
The habitat is typically wet meadow and marsh throughout its range.[14] In southern England, the species is most often found in "quaking" sphagnum moss bogs.[2]
References
- ^ Linnaeus, C. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata.Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.
- ^ a b Ragge DR (1965). Grasshoppers, Crickets & Cockroaches of the British Isles. F Warne & Co, London. p. 299.
- ^ Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2011). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ^ Linné, Carl von (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 433.
- ^ Latreille, Pierre André (1804). Histoire naturelle : générale et particulière (Nouv. éd. ... / rédigé par C.S. Sonnini. ed.). Paris: F. Dufart. p. 155.
- ^ Audinet-Serville, Jean Guillaume (1839). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Paris: Librairie encylopédique de Roret. p. 741.
- ^ Fieber, Franz Xaver (1853). "Synopsis der europäischen Orthopteren mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Böhmen vorkommenden Arten" (PDF). Lotos (in German). 3: 90–104.
- ^ a b Fischer, Leopold Heinrich (1853). Orthoptera Europaea : accedunt tabulae lapidibus incisae XVIII quarum ultima coloribus partim illustrata. Lipsiae : sumptibus G. Engelmann ; Parisiis : F. Klincksieck ; Londini : Williams & Norgate. pp. 357–358.
- ^ de Geer, Charles (1773). Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. Vol. 3. Stockholm: Pierre Hesselberg. p. 477.
- ^ Stoll, Caspar. (1813). Natuurlijke en naar het leven nauwkeurige gekleurde afbeeldingen en beschrijvingen der spoken, wandelende bladen, zabelspringhanen, krekels, trekspringhanen en kakkerlakken : in alle vier deelen der wereld, Europa, Asia, Afrika, en Amerika, huishoudende (in Dutch). Amsterdam: J.C. Sepp. p. 41.
- ^ Storozhenko, S.; Otte, D. (1994). "Review of the Genus Stethophyma Fischer (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Acridinae: Parapleurini)". Journal of Orthoptera Research (2): 61–64. doi:10.2307/3503611. ISSN 1082-6467.
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Caroli a Linné ... Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin) (Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. / cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin. ed.). Lugduni: apud J.B. Delamolliere. p. 2088.
- ^ Kirby, William Forsell (1904). A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. 3. London: Printed by order of the Trustees [by Taylor and Francis]. pp. 167–168.
- ^ Heiko Bellmann: Der Kosmos Heuschreckenführer. Die Arten Mitteleuropas sicher bestimmen. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-440-10447-8