Draft:Ultracold atomic mixtures
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Ultracold atomic mixtures are dilute gases of different atomic species or isotopes cooled to temperatures near the absolute zero.[1].
History
The field of Ultracold atoms flourished after the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases in 1995[2][3]. These experiments trapped and cooled specific hyperfine states of alkali-metal atoms. A few years later, experiments by various experimental groups could confine systems composed by two different hyperfine atomic states [4], or two different atomic species[5]. When these atomic mixtures are cooled down to the regimes of quantum degeneracy, their quantum statistical properties become important, and it is therefore possible to realize two-component mixtures of either Bose gases (Bose-Bose mixtures), Fermi gases (Fermi-Fermi mixtures) or Bose-Fermi mixtures[1].
The rich diagram of equilibrium phases of these mixtures has been explored thanks to the tunability of interspecies interactions via Feshbach resonances[6], and also of intraspecies interactions (in Bose-Bose and Bose-Fermi mixtures). For instance, the tuning of interspecies interactions allowed to study the BCS-BEC crossover in Fermi-Fermi mixtures[7]. In Bose-Bose mixtures, the mean-field stability diagram comprises either stable or collapsed phases. In 2015, D. S. Petrov predicted[8] the possibility of observing self-bound droplets in the unstable mean-field regime, thanks to the stabilization mechanism provided by the condensates quantum fluctuations. These droplet states were successively observed in Bose-Bose Potassium-39 mixtures[9]
References
- ^ a b Baroni, C., Lamporesi, G., & Zaccanti, M. (2024). Quantum mixtures of ultracold gases of neutral atoms. Nature Reviews Physics, published 6 November 2024. doi:10.1038/s42254-024-00699-4
- ^ Anderson, M. H., Ensher, J. R., Matthews, M. R., Wieman, C. E., & Cornell, E. A. (1995). Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor. Science, 269(5221), 198–201. doi:10.1126/science.269.5221.198
- ^ Davis, K. B., Mewes, M.-O., Andrews, M. R., van Druten, N. J., Durfee, D. S., Kurn, D. M., & Ketterle, W. (1995). Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms. Physical Review Letters, 75(22), 3969. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3969
- ^ Myatt, C. J., Burt, E. A., Ghrist, R. W., Cornell, E. A., & Wieman, C. E. (1997). Production of Two Overlapping Bose-Einstein Condensates by Sympathetic Cooling. Physical Review Letters, 78(4), 586–589. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.586
- ^ Modugno, G., Ferrari, G., Roati, G., Brecha, R. J., Simoni, A., & Inguscio, M. (2001). Bose-Einstein Condensation of Potassium Atoms by Sympathetic Cooling. Science, 294(5545), 1320–1322. doi:10.1126/science.1066687
- ^ Chin, C., et al. (2010). Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases. Rev. Mod. Phys., 82(2), 1225.
- ^ Bloch, I., Dalibard, J., & Zwerger, W. (2008). Many-body physics with ultracold gases. Rev. Mod. Phys., 80(3), 885.
- ^ Petrov, D. S. (2015). Quantum mechanical stabilization of a collapsing Bose–Bose mixture. Physical Review Letters, 115(15), 155302. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.155302
- ^ Cabrera, C. R., Tanzi, L., Sanz, J., Naylor, B., Thomas, P., Cheiney, P., & Tarruell, L. (2018). Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates. Science, 359(6373), 301–304. doi:10.1126/science.aao5686
Category:Quantum mechanics Category:Thermodynamics Category:Atoms