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Template:Use dm dates {{Inobox programming language | logo = Pythonlogo-notext.svg | logo size = 15056px | paradigm = Multi-paradigm: object-oriented,[1] procedural (imperative), functional, [[Structured prdeveloper = Python Softwar Foundation |ionality. Python 3.12 added the new keyword type. Notable changes from version 3.10 to 3.11 include increased lds and such (and more) will be disallowed in Python 3.15. Python 3.12 removed wstr meaning Python extensions[2] need to be modified.[3]

Python 3.13 introduces some changes in behavior, i.e., new us standard library modules. C API removals and deprecation -->The old implementation of "In Python 3.14, from __future__ import annotations will continue to work as it did before, converting annotations into strings."Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). A common neologism in the Python community is pythonic, which has a wide range of meanings related to program style. Pythonic code may use Python idioms well; be natural or show fluency in the language; or conform with Python's minimalist philosophy and emphasis on readability.[4]

==Syntax and semet programming language|curly brackets]] to delimit blocks, and semicolons after statements are allowed but rarely used. It has fewer syntactic exceptions and special cases than C or Pascal.[5]

Indentation

Main article: Python syntax and semantics § Indentation

Python uses whitespace indentation, rather than curly brackets or keywords, to delimit blocks. An increase in indentation comes after certain statements; a decrease in indentation signifies the end of the current block.[6] Thus, the program's visual structure accurately represents its semantic structure.[7] This feature is sometimes termed the off-side rule. Some other languages use indentation this way; but in most, indentation has no semantic meaning. The recommended indent size is four spaces.[8]

Statements and control flow

Python's statements include the following:

  • The assignment statement, using a single equals sign =
  • The if stement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block
  • The [[While loop#Python|while]ent, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true
  • The try statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by except clauses (or new syntax except* in Python 3.11 for exception groups[9]); the try statement also ensures that clean-up code in a finally block is always run regardless of how the block exits
  • The raise statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception
  • The class statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class, for use in object-oriented programming
  • The def statement, which defines a function or [[method (computing)|method]
  • The pass statement, serving as a NOP (i.e., no operation), which is syntactically needed to create an empty code block
  • The [[assertion (programming)|assquently be rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder without a fixed data type; however, it always refers to some

Python does not support tail call optimization or first-class continuations; according to Van Rossum, the language never will.[10][11] However, better support for coroutine-like functionality is provided by extending Python's generators.[12] Before 2.5, generators were [[lazy evaluatid from version 3.3, data can be passed through multiple stack levels.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

  • In Python, == compares two objects by value. Python's is operator may be used to compare object identities (i.e., comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c.
  • Python uses and, or, and not as Boolean operators.
  • Python has a type of expression called a list comprehension, and a more general expression called a generator expression.[13]
  • Anonymous functions are implemented using lambda expressions; however, there may be only one expression in each body.
  • Conditional expressions are written as x if c else y.[14] (This is different in operand order from the c ? x : y operator common to many other languages.)
  • Python makes a distinction between; this resng to something assignable (e.g., a variable or a writable property) are associated just as in forming tuple literal; as a whole, the results are then put on the left-hand side of the equal sign in an assignment statement. This statement expects an iterable object on the right-hand side of the equal sign to produce the same number of values as the writable expressions on the left-hand side; while iterating, the statement assigns each of the values produced on the right to the corresponding exhe left.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). These annotations are not enforced by the language, but may be used by external tools such as mypy to catch errors.[15][16] Mypy also supports a Python compiler called mypyc, which leverages ty

! Synt | bool | immutable | Boolean value | True
False |- | bytearray | mutable | Sequence of | Sequence of bytes | b'Some ASCII'
b"Some ASCII"
bytes([119, 105, 107, 105])

| 3+2.7j
3
lann |- | float</codes and Limitations – Python 

|websun

| An immutable sequence of numbers, commonly used for iterating a specific number of times in for loops[17] | range(−1, 10)
range(10, −5, −2) |- | set | mutable | Unordered set, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable | {4.0, 'string', True}
set( </syntaxhighlight></ref> Outstanding PEPs are reviewed and commented on by the Python community and the steering council.[21]

Enhancement of the language corresponds with development of the CPython refes://lwn.net/Articles/885854/ |title=Moving Python's bugs to GitHub [LWN.net] |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-datober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002183818/https://lwn.net/Articles/885854/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Development originally took place on a self-hosted source-code repository running Mercurial, until Python moved to GitHub in January 2017.[22]

CPython's public releases have three types, distinguished by which part of the version number is incremented:

  • Backward-incompatible versions, where code is expected to break and must be manually ported. The first part of the version number is incremented. These releasety vulnerabilities are also patched in these releases. The third and final part of the version number is incremented.[23]

MfVlYC&pg=PR15 |language=en |access-date=9 May 2017 |archive-date=17 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717044040/https://books.google.com/books?id=carqdIdfVlYC&pg=PR15 |url-status=live}}</ref> Python users are sometimes referred to as "Pythonistas".[24]

The affix Py is often used when naming Python applications or libraries. Some examples include the following:

Popularity

Since 2003, Python has consistently ranked in the top ten of the most popular programming languages in the TIOBE Programming Community Index; as of December 2022, Python was the most popular language.[25] Python was selected as Programming Language of the Year (for "the highest rise in ratings in a ye00/tutorial_py_root.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Python is commonly used in artificial-intelligence and machine-learning projects, with support from libraries such as TensorFlow, Keras, Pytorch, scikit-learn and ProbLog (a logic language).[26]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

  • Go is designed for "speed of working in a dynamic language like Python";[27] Go shares Python's syntax for s

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Sources

  • "Python for Artificial Intelligence". Python Wiki. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  • Paine, Jocelyn, ed. (August 2005). "AI in Python". AI Expert Newsletter. Amzi!. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  • "PyAIML 0.8.5 : Python Package Index". Pypi.python.org. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  • Russell, Stuart J. & Norvig, Peter (2009). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-604259-4.

Further reading

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  3. ^ "PEP 623 – Remove wstr from Unicps:/python.org/dev/peps/pep-0623/". Python.org. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
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  6. ^ a b "Myths about indentation in Python". Secnetix.de. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  7. ^ Guttag, John V. (12 August 2016). Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python: With Application to Understanding Data. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-52962-4.
  8. ^ https://www.pyps/p://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "8. Errors and Exceptions – Python 3.12.0a0 documentation". docs.python.org. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  10. ^ a b van Rossum, Guido (22 April 2009). "Tail Recursion Elimination". Neopythonic.blogspot.be. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  11. ^ a b van Rossum, Guido (9 February 2006). "Language Design Is Not Just Solving Puzzles". Artima forums. Artima. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
  12. ^ a b van Rossum, Guido; Eby, Phillip J. (10 May 2005). "PEP 342 – Coroutines via Enhanced Generators". Python Enhancement Proposals. Python Software Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  13. ^ a b Hettinger, Raymond (30 January 2002). "PEP 289 – Generator Expressions". Python Enhancement Proposals. Python Software Foundation. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  14. ^ a b van Rossum, Guido; Hettinger, Raymond (7 February 2003). "PEP 308 – Conditional Expressions". Python Enhancement Proposals. Python Software Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
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