Draft:Integrated catchment modelling
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Integrated Catchment Modelling refers to a subfield of general Hydrological modeling in which the application of numerical Groundwater models, hydraulic surface water models, and soil water balance models are combined into one single system.
Description
[edit]An important feature of Integrated Catchment Models is the bilateral coupling of all hydrological processes. Bilateral coupling allows mutual influence of the simulated water balance variables in both directions. This effect is resolved iteratively for each time step using numerical equation solvers, either explicitly or implicitly. As a result, natural processes are realistically depicted, enabling accurate and high-resolution calculations of groundwater levels, Groundwater recharge, Evapotranspiration, surface water levels, and discharges, unlike simple groundwater or water balance models. The numerical foundations for integrated catchment modelling are very computationally intensive, which is why they have been increasingly used only since the turn of the millennium due to improved computational power. Integrated catchment models are ideally delineated at the envelope of surface and subsurface catchments, so no assumptions need to be made about lateral boundary conditions. This ensures that the Water balance for the modelled areas is fully closed. Integrated Catchment Models are gaining relevance, particularly in the context of advancing Climate change[1][2] and prolonged Drought periods.
Software
[edit]In Hydrology, numerous software solutions exist for research and practice that couple individual components but do not represent all components or fully close the water balance. Currently, there are few software solutions that meet all requirements to qualify as Integrated Catchment Models. In Europe, the software MIKE SHE by DHI (company) is widely used, whereas in North America, the software HydroGeoSphere by Aquanty is commonly applied.
Typical Applications
[edit]Unlike traditional groundwater models or GIS-based water balance models, Integrated Catchment Models require fewer fixed boundary conditions since all processes are independently calculated during the simulation. This increases the degrees of freedom and reliability of the results. However, building and applying Integrated Catchment Models requires more parameters, necessitating a deeper understanding of all hydrological disciplines, such as Hydrogeology, Soil science, Hydraulics, and Hydrology. Since the development and calibration of such models involve increased effort, they are typically used to address specific issues characterized by water scarcity or complex interactions between surface water and groundwater systems. Typical applications include:
- Regional water balance accounting
- Nature-based solutions[3]
- Groundwater recharge calculation (supply assessment)
- Landscape water balance
- Agriculture
- Wetland restoration
- Reservoir management
- Groundwater management in mining areas
References
[edit]- ^ Ortega, Rodrigo Gallego. "HYDROLOGIC MODELING WITH MIKE SHE" (PDF). University of Architecture Civil Engineering and Geodesy. Retrieved 19 April 2025.
- ^ Li, Congcong; Cai, Yanpeng; Li, Zhong; Zhang, Qianqian; Sun, Lian; Li, Xinyi; Zhou, Pengxiao (1 December 2022). "Hydrological Response to Climate and Land Use Changes in the Dry–Warm Valley of the Upper Yangtze River". Engineering. 19: 24–39. Retrieved 19 April 2025.
- ^ Holden, Petra B.; Rebelo, Alanna J.; Wolski, Piotr; Odoulami, Romaric C.; Lawal, Kamoru A.; Kimutai, Joyce; Nkemelang, Tiro; New, Mark G. (9 September 2022). "Nature-based solutions in mountain catchments reduce impact of anthropogenic climate change on drought streamflow". Communications Earth & Environment. 3. Retrieved 19 April 2025.