Jump to content

Draft:MacOS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 128.75.116.72 (talk) at 08:11, 10 April 2025. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
macOS
DeveloperApple
Written in
OS family
Working stateCurrent
Source modelProprietary (with open source components)
Initial releaseMarch 24, 2001; 24 years ago (2001-03-24)
Latest release15.4.1[3] (April 16, 2025; 14 days ago (2025-04-16)) [±]
Latest preview15.5 beta 3[4] (April 21, 2025; 9 days ago (2025-04-21)) [±]
Available in47 languages[5]
List of languages
  • Bahasa Melayu - Malay
  • Català - Catalan
  • Čeština - Czech
  • Dansk - Danish
  • Deutsch - German
  • English (Australia) - English (Australia)
  • English (Canada) - English (Canada)
  • English (India) - English (India)
  • English (Ireland) - English (Ireland)
  • English (New Zealand) - English (New Zealand)
  • English (Singapore) - English (Singapore)
  • English (South Africa) - English (South Africa)
  • English (United Kingdom) - English (United Kingdom)
  • English (United States) - English (United States)
  • Español (España) - Spanish (Spain)
  • Español (Estados Unidos) - Spanish (United States)
  • Español (Latinoamérica) - Spanish (Latin America)
  • Español (México) - Spanish (Mexico)
  • Français (Canada) - French (Canada)
  • Français (France) - French (France)
  • Hrvatski - Croatian
  • Indonesia - Indonesian
  • Italiano - Italian
  • Magyar - Hungarian
  • Nederlands - Dutch
  • Norsk bokmål - Norwegian Bokmål
  • Polski - Polish
  • Português (Brasil) - Portuguese (Brazil)
  • Português (Portugal) - Portuguese (Portugal)
  • Română - Romanian
  • Slovenčina - Slovak
  • Suomi - Finnish
  • Svenska - Swedish
  • Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese
  • Türkçe - Turkish
  • Ελληνικά - Greek
  • Русский - Russian
  • Українська - Ukrainian
  • עברית - Hebrew
  • العربية - Arabic
  • हिन्दी - Hindi
  • ไทย - Thai
  • 한국어 - Korean
  • 日本語 - Japanese
  • 简体中文 - Simplified Chinese
  • 繁體中文（台灣） - Traditional Chinese (Taiwan)
  • 繁體中文（香港） - Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong)
Platforms
Kernel typeHybrid (XNU)
Default
user interface		Aqua (graphical)
LicenseCommercial software, proprietary software
Preceded byClassic Mac OS, NeXTSTEP
Support status
Supported
Part of a series on
macOS
History and architecture
Versions
Applications
Utilities
Related operating systems

macOS, originally Mac OS X, previously shortened as OS X, is a Unix-based[6][7] operating system developed and marketed by Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop and laptop computers, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of all Linux distributions, including ChromeOS and SteamOS. As of 2024, the most recent release of macOS is macOS 15 Sequoia, the 21st major version of macOS.[8]

Mac OS X succeeded classic Mac OS, the primary Macintosh operating system from 1984 to 2001. Its underlying architecture came from NeXT's NeXTSTEP, as a result of Apple's acquisition of NeXT, which also brought Steve Jobs back to Apple. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released on March 24, 2001. Mac OS X Leopard and all later versions of macOS,[9] other than OS X Lion,[10] are UNIX 03 certified. The derivatives of macOS are Apple's other operating systems: iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and audioOS. macOS has supported three major processor architectures: originally PowerPC-based Macs in 1999; Intel Core-based Macs from 2006; and self-designed 64-bit Arm Apple M series Macs since 2020.[11]

A prominent part of macOS's original brand identity was the use of Roman numeral X, pronounced "ten", as well as code naming each release after species of big cats, and later, places within California.[12] Apple shortened the name to "OS X" in 2011 and then changed it to "macOS" in 2016 to align with the branding of Apple's other operating systems.[13] After 16 distinct versions of macOS 10, macOS Big Sur was presented as version 11 in 2020, and every subsequent version has also incremented the major version number, similarly to classic Mac OS and iOS, but is still named after places within California.

Timeline of releases

Mac OS X, OS X, and macOS version information
Version Release Name Darwin
version 		Processor
support 		Application
support 		Kernel Date
announced 		Release
date 		Most recent
version
Old version, not maintained: Rhapsody Developer Release Grail1Z4/Titan1U
(internal codename) 		Un­known 32-bit PowerPC
and Intel 		32-bit PowerPC
and Intel 		32-bit January 7, 1997[14] August 31, 1997 DR2
(May 14, 1998)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X Server 1.0 Hera
(internal codename) 		32-bit PowerPC 32-bit PowerPC January 5th, 1999[15] March 16, 1999 1.2v3
(October 27, 2000)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X Developer Preview Un­known May 11, 1998[16] March 16, 1999 DP4
(April 5, 2000)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X Public Beta Kodiak[17]
(internal codename) 		May 15, 2000[18] September 13, 2000 —
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah
(internal codename) 		1.3.1 January 9, 2001[19] March 24, 2001 10.0.4 (4Q12)
(June 22, 2001)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.1 Puma
(internal codename) 		1.4.1/5 July 18, 2001[20] September 25, 2001 10.1.5 (5S60)
(June 6, 2002)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar 6 32/64-bit PowerPC[Note 1] May 6, 2002[21] August 24, 2002 10.2.8
(October 3, 2003)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.3 Panther 7 June 23, 2003[22] October 24, 2003 10.3.9 (7W98)
(April 15, 2005)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger 8 32/64-bit PowerPC
and Intel 		32/64-bit PowerPC
and Intel [Note 2] [Note 3] 		May 4, 2004[23] April 29, 2005 10.4.11
(November 14, 2007)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard 9 June 26, 2006[24] October 26, 2007 10.5.8 (9L31a)
(August 13, 2009)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard 10 32/64-bit Intel 32/64-bit Intel
32-bit PowerPC[Note 3] 		32/64-bit[25] June 9, 2008[26] August 28, 2009 10.6.8 (10K549)
(July 25, 2011)
Old version, not maintained: Mac OS X 10.7 Lion 11 64-bit Intel 32/64-bit Intel October 20, 2010[27] July 20, 2011 10.7.5 (11G63)
(October 4, 2012)
Old version, not maintained: OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion 12 64-bit[28] February 16, 2012[29] July 25, 2012[30] 10.8.5 (12F2560)
(August 13, 2015)
Old version, not maintained: OS X 10.9 Mavericks 13 June 10, 2013[31] October 22, 2013 10.9.5 (13F1911)
(July 18, 2016)
Old version, not maintained: OS X 10.10 Yosemite 14 June 2, 2014[32] October 16, 2014 10.10.5 (14F2511)
(July 19, 2017)
Old version, not maintained: OS X 10.11 El Capitan 15 June 8, 2015[33] September 30, 2015 10.11.6 (15G22010)
(July 9, 2018)
Old version, not maintained: macOS 10.12 Sierra 16 June 13, 2016[34] September 20, 2016 10.12.6 (16G2136)
(September 26, 2019)
Old version, not maintained: macOS 10.13 High Sierra 17 June 5, 2017 September 25, 2017 10.13.6 (17G14042)
(November 12, 2020)
Old version, not maintained: macOS 10.14 Mojave 18 June 4, 2018 September 24, 2018 10.14.6 (18G9323)
(July 21, 2021)
Old version, not maintained: macOS 10.15 Catalina 19 64-bit Intel June 3, 2019 October 7, 2019 10.15.7 (19H2026)
(July 20, 2022)
Old version, not maintained: macOS 11 Big Sur 20 64-bit Intel and ARM[Note 4] June 22, 2020 November 12, 2020 11.7.10 (20G1427)
(September 11, 2023)
Old version, not maintained: macOS 12 Monterey 21 June 7, 2021 October 25, 2021 12.7.6 (21H1320)
(July 29, 2024)
Old version, still maintained: macOS 13 Ventura 22 June 6, 2022 October 24, 2022 13.7.5 (22H527)
(March 31, 2025)
Old version, still maintained: macOS 14 Sonoma 23 June 5, 2023 September 26, 2023 14.7.5 (23H527)
(March 31, 2025)
Latest version: macOS 15 Sequoia 24 June 10, 2024 September 16, 2024 15.4.1 (24E263)
(April 16, 2025)
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
1.↑ The Power Mac G5 had special Jaguar builds.
2.↑ Tiger did not support 64-bit GUI applications, only 64-bit CLI applications.[35][36]
3.1 2 32-bit (but not 64-bit) PowerPC applications were supported on Intel processors with Rosetta.
4.↑ 64-bit Intel applications are supported on Apple silicon Macs with Rosetta 2. However, Intel-based Macs are unable to run ARM-based applications, such as iOS and iPadOS apps.


References

  1. ^ "What Is the I/O Kit?". IOKit Fundamentals. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2018. Apple considered several programming languages for the I/O Kit and chose a restricted subset of C++.
  2. ^ "What's New in Swift". Apple Developer (Video). June 14, 2016. At 2:40. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  3. ^ Clover, Juli (2025-04-16). "Apple Releases macOS Sequoia 15.4.1 With Bug Fixes". MacRumors. Retrieved 2025-04-16.
  4. ^ Clover, Juli (April 21, 2025). "Apple Seeds Third Beta of macOS Sequoia 15.5". MacRumors. Retrieved April 22, 2025.
  5. ^ "macOS Feature Availability". System Language. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
  6. ^ Gunnell, Marshall (June 5, 2024). "Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS)". Technopedia. Retrieved January 13, 2025.
  7. ^ "macOS". PC Magazine. Retrieved January 13, 2025.
  8. ^ "Apple Launches macOS Sequoia With iPhone Mirroring, Passwords App, Window Tiling Updates and More". MacRumors. 2024-09-16. Retrieved 2024-10-19.
  9. ^ *"Apple technology brief on UNIX" (PDF). Apple. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  10. ^ "Re: was OS X version 10.7 Lion UNIX 03 certified?". austin-group-l (Mailing list). Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved 2021-07-22.
  11. ^ Evans, Jonny (June 22, 2020). "WWDC 2020: Yes, Apple is dumping Intel, gently". Computerworld. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  12. ^ Ha, Anthony (June 10, 2013). "Apple Has A New, California-Based Naming Scheme For OS X, Starting With OS X Mavericks". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  13. ^ Mastroianni, Brian (June 13, 2016). "Apple unveils iOS 10, macOS, and more at WWDC 2016". CBS News. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2023. Perhaps one of the announcements that stood out the most was a slight name change. The desktop operating system Mac OS X will now be called macOS to better match with the way the company's other operating systems are named.
  14. ^ "Apple Announces Future Macintosh Operating System (OS) Strategy and Road Map". Apple.com. Apple Computer, Inc. 7 January 1997. Archived from the original on 16 January 1999. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  15. ^ Walsh, Jeff (January 5, 1999). "Jobs Macworld keynote gets a warm reception". CNN. Archived from the original on March 15, 2002. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  16. ^ Davis, Jim (May 11, 1998). "OS X is the future for Apple". CNET. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  17. ^ Steven Borden-Weill (April 15, 2011). "Kodiak to Lion: 10 years of Mac OS X". Network World. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016.
  18. ^ "Apple Releases Mac OS X Developer Preview 4 with Final API Specs". Apple Newsroom. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  19. ^ "Apple's Mac OS X to Ship on March 24". Apple Newsroom. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  20. ^ "Apple Previews Next Version of Mac OS X" (Press release). Apple. July 18, 2001. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  21. ^ "Apple Previews "Jaguar", the Next Major Release of Mac OS X" (Press release). Apple. May 6, 2002. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  22. ^ "Apple Previews Mac OS X "Panther"" (Press release). Apple. June 23, 2003. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  23. ^ "Steve Jobs to Kick Off Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference 2004 with Preview of Mac OS X "Tiger"" (Press release). Apple. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  24. ^ "Apple Executives to Preview Mac OS X "Leopard" at WWDC 2006 Keynote" (Press release). Apple. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  25. ^ "Road to Mac OS X Snow Leopard: 64-bit to the Kernel". AppleInsider. October 28, 2008. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  26. ^ "Apple Previews Mac OS X Snow Leopard to Developers" (Press release). Apple. June 9, 2008. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  27. ^ "Apple Gives Sneak Peek of Mac OS X Lion" (Press release). Apple. October 20, 2010. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  28. ^ "Older 64-bit Macs out of the picture for Mountain Lion". CNET. July 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  29. ^ "Apple Releases OS X Mountain Lion Developer Preview with Over 100 New Features" (Press release). Apple. February 16, 2012. Archived from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  30. ^ "Mountain Lion Available Today From the Mac App Store" (Press release). Apple. July 25, 2012. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  31. ^ "Apple Releases Developer Preview of OS X Mavericks With More Than 200 New Features" (Press release). Apple. June 10, 2013. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  32. ^ "Apple Announces OS X Yosemite" (Press release). Apple. June 2, 2014. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  33. ^ "Apple Announces OS X El Capitan with Refined Experience & Improved Performance" (Press release). Apple. June 8, 2015. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  34. ^ "Apple previews major update with macOS Sierra" (Press release). Apple. June 13, 2016. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  35. ^ John Siracusa (April 28, 2005). "Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger". Ars Technica. p. 4. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
  36. ^ Apple (March 6, 2006). "Developing 64-bit applications". Apple Developer Connection. Archived from the original on September 25, 2007. Retrieved March 5, 2007.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:MacOS&oldid=1284877954"