User:Wuwenhao19960507/sandbox 1
History
The First Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China, implemented beginning in 1953, established a development strategy that prioritized heavy industry as the foundation for national industrialization. During this period, the Soviet Union assisted China with 156 major industrial projects, of which 150 were put into actual construction. These included 44 military industrial enterprises—comprising 12 in the aviation industry, 10 in the electronics industry, 16 in the ordnance industry, 2 in the aerospace industry, and 4 in shipbuilding. Additionally, 20 metallurgical enterprises were built, including 7 in the steel industry and 13 in non-ferrous metals. The plan also encompassed 7 chemical industry enterprises, 24 machinery manufacturing enterprises, and 52 energy-related enterprises—25 in the coal industry, 25 in the power industry, and 2 in petroleum. Moreover, 3 projects were dedicated to light industry and pharmaceuticals.[1]
The primary objective of these projects was to lay the groundwork for a relatively complete basic industrial system and a national defense industrial base. Centered around the 156 projects, the industrialization drive under the First Five-Year Plan significantly accelerated China's industrial development. It helped elevate the country’s industrial technology level from a status nearly a century behind advanced industrial nations before 1949 to a level comparable with that of the 1940s..[1]
Aerospace industry
This paragraph is an excerpt from Chinese space program.
China's space program dates back to 1956, when the country established the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense, the predecessor of today's China National Space Administration (CNSA). Over more than five decades of development, China has become one of the world's leading space powers. From launching its first artificial satellite to developing the BeiDou Navigation System, from its first carrier rocket to its first manned spaceflight, and from Tiangong-1 to the successful Chang’e lunar missions, China has achieved remarkable milestones that have attracted global attention.
Artificial Satellites
On April 24, 1970, China launched its first artificial satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1. On December 27, 2012, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, independently developed and operated by China, officially began providing regional services. By early 2013, the People's Republic of China had successfully developed and launched 140 artificial satellites of various types.
Carrier Rockets
From October 1996 to the end of 2005, the Long March series of carrier rockets achieved 46 consecutive successful launches. Significant technological breakthroughs were made in the development of a new generation of launch vehicles, including the successful progress in the development of a 120-ton thrust liquid oxygen/kerosene engine and a 50-ton thrust liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen engine.
Human Spaceflight
On November 20, 1999, China successfully launched and recovered its first uncrewed test spacecraft, Shenzhou 1. On October 15, 2003, astronaut Yang Liwei became the first Chinese person in space aboard Shenzhou 5. From October 12 to 17, 2005, the Shenzhou 6 mission completed a five-day crewed flight with two astronauts. In 2008, during the Shenzhou 7 mission, astronaut Zhai Zhigang conducted China's first extravehicular activity (spacewalk). In 2011, China launched its first prototype space station module, Tiangong 1, which successfully docked with the subsequently launched Shenzhou 8 spacecraft.
Lunar Exploration
On December 14, 2013, Chang'e 3 successfully landed on the Moon. On November 1, 2014, the Chang'e 5-T1 mission completed a successful return to Earth from lunar orbit.
Annual Industrial Output Data
2014
In 2014, China's industrial production maintained steady growth. The total value added of the industrial sector reached 22,799.1 billion yuan, representing an increase of 7.0 percent compared to the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size rose by 8.3 percent. Among these enterprises, categorized by ownership, the value added of state-owned and state-holding enterprises grew by 4.9 percent, while collective enterprises recorded a 1.7 percent increase. Share-holding enterprises experienced a 9.7 percent growth, and enterprises funded by foreign investors as well as those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan saw an increase of 6.3 percent. Private enterprises achieved a growth rate of 10.2 percent. In terms of sectors, the value added of the mining industry increased by 4.5 percent. The manufacturing sector experienced a growth of 9.4 percent, while the production and supply of electric power, heat power, gas, and water rose by 3.2 percent.[2]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2013(%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 3379.2 | 5.6 | [2] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 893.7 | -0.4 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 4389.8 | 5.5 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1642.7 | 3.1 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 26098.5 | 1.9 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 14128.9 | 10.9 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 13865.9 | 13.3 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 8796.1 | -5.0 | |
| Room air conditioners | 10000 | 14463.3 | 10.7 | |
| Total primary energy production | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 36.0 | 0.5 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 38.7 | -2.5 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 21142.9 | 0.7 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 1301.6 | 7.7 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 56495.8 | 4.0 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 42337.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 10643.4 | 15.7 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 1325.4 | 18.8 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 82269.8 | 1.2 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 112557.2 | 4.0 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 4380.1 | 7.4 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 764.4 | 15.0 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 2435.8 | 10.3 | |
| Aluminum oxide | 10000 tons | 4777.3 | 7.3 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 24.8 | 2.3 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 8846.3 | 8.5 | |
| Soda ash | 10000 tons | 2514.2 | 3.4 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3059.0 | 4.5 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 1696.7 | 6.1 | |
| Chemical fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent) |
10000 tons | 6887.2 | -2.0 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 15053.0 | 6.0 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2372.5 | 7.3 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 1248.3 | 3.1 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 64.4 | -3.3 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 1015.5 | 12.4 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 3123.1 | 15.7 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 162719.8 | 6.8 | |
| Micro-computers | 10000 | 35079.6 | -0.8 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 6,471.5 billion yuan in 2014, marking a year-on-year increase of 3.3 percent. Specifically, profits of state-owned and state-holding enterprises stood at 1,400.7 billion yuan, reflecting a decline of 5.7 percent. Profits of collective enterprises were 53.8 billion yuan, up by 0.4 percent. Share-holding enterprises reported profits of 4,296.3 billion yuan, an increase of 1.6 percent. Enterprises with investment from foreign sources and from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan earned 1,597.2 billion yuan in profits, a rise of 9.5 percent. Private enterprises generated 2,232.3 billion yuan in profits, representing an increase of 4.9 percent.[2]
2015
In 2015, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 22,897.4 billion yuan, representing an increase of 5.9 percent over the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size grew by 6.1 percent. Among these enterprises, classified by ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises rose by 1.4 percent. Collective enterprises recorded a growth of 1.2 percent, while share-holding enterprises experienced a 7.3 percent increase. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and investors from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan saw a growth of 3.7 percent, and private enterprises reported an increase of 8.6 percent. By sector, the value added of the mining industry increased by 2.7 percent, manufacturing grew by 7.0 percent, and the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water rose by 1.4 percent.[3]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2014(%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 3538.0 | 4.7 | [3] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 892.6 | -0.1 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 4831.7 | 10.1 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1474.1 | -10.3 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 25890.7 | -0.8 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 14475.7 | 2.5 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 14391.9 | 3.8 | |
| Of which: Smart TV sets | 10000 | 8383.5 | 14.9 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 7992.8 | -9.1 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 14200.4 | -1.8 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 36.2 | 0.0 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 37.5 | -3.3 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 21455.6 | 1.5 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 1346.1 | 3.4 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 58105.8 | 0.3 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 42420.4 | -2.7 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 11264.2 | 5.0 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 1707.9 | 28.9 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 80382.5 | -2.2 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 112349.6 | -0.1 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 5155.8 | 6.8 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 796.2 | 4.2 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 3141.0 | 8.8 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 23.6 | -5.3 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 8975.7 | 0.8 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3020.7 | -1.4 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 1714.6 | 1.1 | |
| Chemical fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent) |
10000 tons | 7432.0 | 8.1 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 12431.4 | -17.4 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2450.4 | 3.3 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 1163.0 | -6.8 | |
| Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) | 10000 | 602.4 | 48.0 | |
| Of which: New energy cars | 10000 | 32.8 | 161.2 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 68.8 | 6.9 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 1087.2 | 7.1 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 1880.3 | -12.5 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 181261.4 | 7.8 | |
| Of which: Smart phones | 10000 | 139943.1 | 11.3 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 31418.7 | -10.4 | |
| Industrial robots | sets | 32996.0 | 21.7 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 6,355.4 billion yuan in 2015, reflecting a decrease of 2.3 percent compared to the previous year. Specifically, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 1,094.4 billion yuan, down by 21.9 percent. Collective enterprises recorded profits of 50.8 billion yuan, a decrease of 2.7 percent. Share-holding enterprises achieved profits of 4,298.1 billion yuan, down by 1.7 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan posted profits of 1,572.6 billion yuan, a decrease of 1.5 percent. In contrast, private enterprises recorded profits of 2,322.2 billion yuan, reflecting a 3.7 percent increase. From a sectoral perspective, the mining industry earned 260.4 billion yuan in profits, a sharp decline of 58.2 percent year-on-year. The manufacturing sector generated profits of 5,560.9 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water reported profits of 534.1 billion yuan, marking a 13.5 percent increase.[3]
2016
In 2016, the total value added of China’s industrial sector amounted to 24,786.0 billion yuan, reflecting an increase of 6.0 percent over the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size also rose by 6.0 percent. Classified by ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 2.0 percent, while collective enterprises saw a decline of 1.3 percent. Share-holding enterprises registered a growth of 6.9 percent, enterprises with foreign investment and investment from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan recorded an increase of 4.5 percent, and private enterprises reported a 7.5 percent growth. From a sectoral perspective, the value added of the mining industry decreased by 1.0 percent, while manufacturing increased by 6.8 percent. The production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water rose by 5.5 percent.[4]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2015(%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 3732.6 | 5.5 | [4] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 906.8 | 1.6 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 4943.7 | 2.3 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1443.3 | -2.1 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 23825.8 | -8.0 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 15769.6 | 8.9 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 15713.6 | 9.2 | |
| Of which: Smart TV sets | 10000 | 9310.1 | 11.1 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 8481.6 | 6.1 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 14342.4 | 1.0 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 34.6 | -4.2 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 34.1 | -9.0 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 19968.5 | -6.9 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 1368.7 | 1.7 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 61424.9 | 5.6 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 44370.7 | 3.6 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 11933.7 | 5.6 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 2132.9 | 24.9 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 80836.6 | 0.6 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 113801.2 | 1.3 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 5310.3 | 3.0 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 843.6 | 6.0 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 3187.3 | 1.5 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 24.1 | 2.3 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 8889.1 | -1.0 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3283.9 | 8.7 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 1781.1 | 3.9 | |
| Chemical fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent) |
10000 tons | 7128.6 | -4.1 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 13218.4 | 6.3 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2811.9 | 14.8 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 1211.1 | 4.1 | |
| Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) | 10000 | 914.4 | 51.8 | |
| Of which: New energy cars | 10000 | 45.9 | 40.0 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 63.0 | -8.5 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 1318.0 | 21.2 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 1457.7 | -22.5 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 205819.3 | 13.6 | |
| Of which: Smart phones | 10000 | 153764.1 | 9.9 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 29008.5 | -7.7 | |
| Industrial robots | sets | 72426.0 | 30.4 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size reached 6,880.3 billion yuan in 2016, up by 8.5 percent year-on-year. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises amounted to 1,175.1 billion yuan, an increase of 6.7 percent. Profits of collective enterprises were 47.7 billion yuan, down by 4.2 percent. Share-holding enterprises reported profits of 4,719.7 billion yuan, up by 8.3 percent. Enterprises with investment from foreign sources and from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan earned 1,735.2 billion yuan in profits, marking a 12.1 percent increase. Private enterprises achieved profits of 2,432.5 billion yuan, an increase of 4.8 percent.[4]
By sector, the mining industry recorded profits of 182.5 billion yuan, a decrease of 27.5 percent compared to the previous year. The manufacturing sector generated 6,239.8 billion yuan in profits, up by 12.3 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water reported profits of 458.0 billion yuan, down by 14.3 percent.[4]
In 2016, the cost for per-hundred-yuan turnover of principal activities was 85.52 yuan, 0.1 yuan lower than in the previous year. By the end of 2016, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above the designated size stood at 55.8 percent, down by 0.4 percentage point compared with the end of 2015.[4]
2017
In 2017, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 27,999.7 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 6.4 percent. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size rose by 6.6 percent. Classified by ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 6.5 percent. Collective enterprises reported a modest growth of 0.6 percent, while share-holding enterprises recorded a 6.6 percent increase. Enterprises with investment from foreign investors and from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan experienced a growth of 6.9 percent. Private enterprises registered a 5.9 percent increase. By sector, the value added of the mining industry declined by 1.5 percent. In contrast, the manufacturing sector achieved a growth of 7.2 percent, and the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water increased by 8.1 percent.[5]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2016(%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 4050.0 | 8.5 | [5] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 868.1 | -4.3 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 4919.6 | 0.7 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1470.6 | 1.9 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 23448.3 | -1.6 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 15932.6 | 1.0 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 15755.9 | 0.3 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 8548.4 | 0.8 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 17861.5 | 24.5 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 35.9 | 3.6 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 35.2 | 3.3 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 19150.6 | -4.1 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 1480.3 | 8.2 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 64951.4 | 5.9 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 46627.4 | 5.1 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 11898.4 | 0.5 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 2480.7 | 16.3 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 83172.8 | 3.0 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 104958.8 | 0.1 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 5501.0 | 2.9 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 897.0 | 6.3 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 3329.0 | 2.0 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 23.4 | -3.1 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 9212.9 | 0.9 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3365.2 | 5.1 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 1821.8 | 2.3 | |
| Chemical fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent) |
10000 tons | 6184.3 | -6.7 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 11830.4 | -9.8 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2901.8 | 3.2 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 1194.5 | -1.4 | |
| Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) | 10000 | 1004.7 | 9.9 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 41.8 | -32.4 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 1564.6 | 18.7 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 1240.8 | -14.9 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 188982.4 | 2.2 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 30678.4 | 5.8 |
2018
In 2018, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 30,516.0 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 6.1 percent. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size grew by 6.2 percent. By ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 6.2 percent. Share-holding enterprises recorded a growth of 6.6 percent, enterprises with investment from foreign investors and from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan saw a 4.8 percent increase, and private enterprises reported a 6.2 percent rise. In terms of sectors, the value added of the mining industry rose by 2.3 percent. The manufacturing sector grew by 6.5 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water increased by 9.9 percent.[6]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2017 (%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 2958.9 | -7.3 | [6] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 657.3 | -4.9 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 5011.1 | 2.7 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1524.1 | 3.5 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 23358.7 | -0.4 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 18834.8 | 18.2 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 18825.2 | 19.5 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 7993.2 | -3.9 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 20486.0 | 14.7 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 37.7 | 5.0 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 36.8 | 4.5 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 18910.6 | -1.3 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 1602.7 | 8.3 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 71117.7 | 7.7 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 50738.6 | 6.7 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 12342.3 | 3.0 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 2943.6 | 18.7 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 92800.9 | 6.6 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 110551.7 | 5.6 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 5702.7 | 3.7 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 902.9 | 0.7 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 3580.2 | 7.5 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 22.1 | -5.3 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 9129.8 | -0.9 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3420.2 | 2.7 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 1841.0 | 1.1 | |
| Chemical fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent) |
10000 tons | 5424.4 | -7.9 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 10600.5 | -10.3 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2781.9 | -4.1 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 1160.1 | -2.9 | |
| Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) | 10000 | 927.4 | -7.7 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 24.3 | -29.3 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 1739.5 | 11.2 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 1006.6 | 7.3 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 179846.4 | -4.8 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 30700.2 | 0.1 | |
| Industrial robots | 10000 sets | 14.8 | 6.4 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 6,635.1 billion yuan in 2018, up by 10.3 percent compared with the previous year. Among these, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 1,858.3 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6 percent. Share-holding enterprises reported profits of 4,697.5 billion yuan, up by 14.4 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan achieved profits of 1,677.6 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9 percent. Private enterprises earned profits of 1,713.7 billion yuan, marking an 11.9 percent growth.[6]
From a sectoral perspective, profits in the mining industry reached 524.6 billion yuan, representing a significant increase of 40.1 percent year-on-year. The manufacturing sector reported profits of 5,696.4 billion yuan, up by 8.7 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water generated 414.1 billion yuan in profits, an increase of 4.3 percent.[6]
In 2018, the profit rate of the principal activities of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 6.49 percent, 0.11 percentage point higher than that of 2017.[6]
2019
In 2019, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 31,710.9 billion yuan, representing an increase of 5.7 percent compared with the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size also rose by 5.7 percent. By ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 4.8 percent. Share-holding enterprises recorded a growth of 6.8 percent, while enterprises funded by foreign investors and investors from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan saw an increase of 2.0 percent. Private enterprises reported a rise of 7.7 percent. By sector, the value added of the mining industry grew by 5.0 percent, that of manufacturing increased by 6.0 percent, and that of the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water rose by 7.0 percent.[7]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2018 (%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 2892.1 | -6.1 | [7] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 575.6 | -17.6 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 5952.8 | 9.9 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1389.4 | 15.9 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 23642.5 | 1.1 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 18999.1 | -3.5 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 18689.7 | -1.5 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 7904.3 | 6.3 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 21866.2 | 4.3 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 39.7 | 5.1 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 38.5 | 4.0 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 19101.4 | 0.9 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 1761.7 | 10.0 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 75034.3 | 4.7 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 52201.5 | 2.4 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 13044.4 | 5.9 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 3483.5 | 18.3 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 99634.2 | 7.2 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 120477.4 | 6.3 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 5866.0 | 2.2 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 978.4 | 5.5 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 3504.4 | -2.2 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 23.5 | 4.9 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 8935.7 | -1.3 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3464.4 | -0.3 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 2052.3 | 10.2 | |
| Chemical fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent) |
10000 tons | 5731.2 | 6.1 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 9274.1 | -14.9 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2552.8 | -8.3 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 1018.2 | -16.4 | |
| Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) | 10000 | 876.0 | -3.6 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 27.8 | 5.9 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 2018.2 | 8.9 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 790.5 | -23.7 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 170100.6 | -5.5 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 34163.2 | 8.2 | |
| Industrial robots | 10000 sets | 17.7 | -3.1 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 6,199.6 billion yuan in 2019, representing a decrease of 3.3 percent year-on-year. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 1,635.6 billion yuan, down by 12.0 percent. Share-holding enterprises earned 4,528.4 billion yuan in profits, a decline of 2.9 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan achieved profits of 1,558.0 billion yuan, down by 3.6 percent. In contrast, private enterprises recorded profits of 1,818.2 billion yuan, reflecting an increase of 2.2 percent.[7]
From a sectoral perspective, the mining industry generated profits of 527.5 billion yuan, up by 1.7 percent compared with the previous year. The manufacturing sector reported 5,190.4 billion yuan in profits, a decrease of 5.2 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water recorded profits of 481.6 billion yuan, marking an increase of 15.4 percent.[7]
In 2019, the cost for per-hundred-yuan business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 84.08 yuan, 0.18 yuan more than in 2018. The profit rate of business revenue stood at 5.86 percent, down by 0.43 percentage points from the previous year.[7]
2020
In 2020, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 31,307.1 billion yuan, representing an increase of 2.4 percent compared with the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size rose by 2.8 percent. By ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 2.2 percent. Share-holding enterprises recorded a growth of 3.0 percent, while enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan saw an increase of 2.4 percent. Private enterprises reported a rise of 3.7 percent. By sector, the value added of the mining industry increased by 0.5 percent, manufacturing rose by 3.4 percent, and the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water grew by 2.0 percent.[8]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2019 (%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 2618.3 | -7.4 | [8] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 460.3 | -17.1 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 6126.5 | 4.1 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1431.3 | 3.0 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 23863.7 | 0.9 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 19626.2 | 3.3 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 19247.2 | 3.0 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 9014.7 | 14.0 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 21035.3 | -3.8 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 40.8 | 2.8 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 39.0 | 1.4 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 19476.9 | 1.6 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 1925.0 | 9.8 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 77790.6 | 3.7 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 53302.5 | 2.1 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 13552.1 | 3.9 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 3662.5 | 5.1 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 106476.7 | 7.0 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 132489.2 | 10.0 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 6188.4 | 5.5 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 1002.5 | 2.5 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 3708.0 | 5.6 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 24.0 | 2.5 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 9238.2 | 1.3 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3673.9 | 6.2 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 2160.0 | 5.2 | |
| Chemical fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent) |
10000 tons | 5496.0 | -4.1 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 13226.2 | 38.3 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2532.5 | -1.4 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 923.9 | -10.2 | |
| Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) | 10000 | 905.0 | 2.6 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 34.6 | 23.0 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 2614.7 | 29.6 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 702.5 | -11.1 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 146961.8 | -13.3 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 37800.4 | 10.6 | |
| Industrial robots | 10000 sets | 21.2 | 20.7 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 6,451.6 billion yuan in 2020, representing an increase of 4.1 percent over the previous year. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 1,486.1 billion yuan, down by 2.9 percent. Share-holding enterprises earned 4,544.5 billion yuan, up by 3.4 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan achieved profits of 1,823.4 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0 percent. Private enterprises recorded profits of 2,026.2 billion yuan, reflecting a growth of 3.1 percent.[8]
From a sectoral perspective, the mining industry generated profits of 355.3 billion yuan, down by 31.5 percent year-on-year. The manufacturing sector reported profits of 5,579.5 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water achieved profits of 516.8 billion yuan, up by 4.9 percent.[8]
In 2020, the cost for per-hundred-yuan business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 83.89 yuan, 0.11 yuan lower than in 2019. The profit rate of business revenue stood at 6.08 percent, up by 0.20 percentage points. By the end of 2020, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 56.1 percent, 0.3 percentage points lower than at the end of 2019.[8]
The national industrial capacity utilization rate was 74.5 percent in 2020, specifically 67.3 percent, 74.4 percent, 76.7 percent, and 78.0 percent in the first, second, third, and fourth quarters, respectively.[8]
2021
In 2021, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 37,257.5 billion yuan, representing an increase of 9.6 percent compared with the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size also rose by 9.6 percent. By ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 8.0 percent. Share-holding enterprises recorded a growth of 9.8 percent, while enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan rose by 8.9 percent. Private enterprises reported a rise of 10.2 percent. By sector, the value added of the mining industry increased by 5.3 percent, manufacturing grew by 9.8 percent, and the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water rose by 11.4 percent.[9]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2020 (%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 2873.7 | 9.8 | [9] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 502.0 | 9.3 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 6708.5 | 9.5 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1482.3 | 3.6 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 24182.4 | 1.3 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 18496.5 | -5.8 | |
| Of which: LCD TV sets | 10000 | 17424.3 | -9.5 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 8992.1 | -0.3 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 21835.7 | 3.8 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 43.3 | 6.2 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 41.3 | 5.7 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 19888.1 | 2.1 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 2075.8 | 7.8 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 85342.5 | 9.7 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 58058.7 | 8.9 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 13390.0 | -1.2 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 4075.2 | 11.3 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 103524.3 | -2.8 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 133666.8 | 0.9 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 6477.1 | 4.7 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 1048.7 | 4.6 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 3850.3 | 3.8 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 23.8 | -0.4 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 9382.7 | 1.6 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3891.3 | 5.9 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 2825.7 | 30.8 | |
| Chemical fertilizers | 10000 tons | 5543.6 | 0.9 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 15954.6 | 19.2 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2652.8 | 4.8 | |
| Of which: Basic passenger cars (cars) | 10000 | 976.5 | 5.7 | |
| Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) | 10000 | 973.6 | 7.6 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 41.2 | 19.4 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 3594.3 | 37.5 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 699.6 | -0.4 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 166151.6 | 13.1 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 46692.0 | 23.5 | |
| Industrial robots | 10000 sets | 36.6 | 67.9 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 8,709.2 billion yuan in 2021, representing an increase of 34.3 percent over the previous year. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 2,277.0 billion yuan, up by 56.0 percent. Share-holding enterprises earned 6,270.2 billion yuan, up by 40.2 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan achieved profits of 2,284.6 billion yuan, an increase of 21.1 percent. Private enterprises recorded profits of 2,915.0 billion yuan, reflecting a growth of 27.6 percent.[9]
From a sectoral perspective, the mining industry generated profits of 1,039.1 billion yuan, up by 190.7 percent year-on-year. The manufacturing sector reported profits of 7,361.2 billion yuan, an increase of 31.6 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water achieved profits of 308.9 billion yuan, down by 41.9 percent.[9]
In 2021, the cost for per-hundred-yuan business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 83.74 yuan, 0.23 yuan lower than in 2020. The profit rate of business revenue stood at 6.81 percent, up by 0.76 percentage points. By the end of 2021, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 56.1 percent, 0.1 percentage point lower than at the end of 2020. The national industrial capacity utilization rate was 77.5 percent in 2021.[9]
2022
In 2022, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 40,164.4 billion yuan, representing an increase of 3.4 percent compared with the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size rose by 3.6 percent. By ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 3.3 percent. Share-holding enterprises recorded a growth of 4.8 percent, while enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan saw a decline of 1.0 percent. Private enterprises reported a rise of 2.9 percent. By sector, the value added of the mining industry increased by 7.3 percent, that of manufacturing rose by 3.0 percent, and that of the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water grew by 5.0 percent.[10]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2021 (%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 2719.1 | -5.4 | .[10] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 467.5 | -6.9 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 6697.8 | -0.2 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1486.8 | 2.6 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 24321.5 | 0.6 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 19578.3 | 5.8 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 8664.4 | -3.6 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 22247.3 | 1.9 | |
| Primary energy output | 100 million tons of standard coal equivalent | 46.6 | 9.2 | |
| Coal | 100 million tons | 45.6 | 10.5 | |
| Crude petroleum oil | 10000 tons | 20472.2 | 2.9 | |
| Natural gas | 100 million cubic meters | 2201.1 | 6.0 | |
| Electricity | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 88487.1 | 3.7 | |
| Of which: Thermal power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 58887.9 | 1.4 | |
| Hydropower | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 13522.0 | 1.0 | |
| Nuclear-power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 4177.8 | 2.5 | |
| Wind power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 7626.7 | 16.2 | |
| Solar power | 100 million kilowatt-hours | 4272.7 | 31.2 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 101795.9 | -1.7 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 134033.5 | 0.3 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals | 10000 tons | 6793.6 | 4.9 | |
| Of which: Refined copper (copper) | 10000 tons | 1106.3 | 5.5 | |
| Aluminum electrolyze | 10000 tons | 4021.4 | 4.4 | |
| Cement | 100 million tons | 21.3 | -10.5 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 9504.6 | 1.3 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 3980.5 | 2.3 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 2897.5 | 2.5 | |
| Chemical fertilizers(100 percent equivalent) | 10000 tons | 5573.3 | 0.5 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 18376.1 | 15.0 | |
| Motor vehicles | 10000 | 2718.0 | 3.5 | |
| Of which: New energy vehicles | 10000 | 700.3 | 90.5 | |
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 40.0 | -2.8 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 3241.9 | -9.8 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 883.8 | 26.3 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 156080.0 | -6.1 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 43418.2 | -7.0 | |
| Industrial robots | 10000 sets | 44.3 | 21.0 | |
| Solar cells(photovoltaic cells) | 10000 kilowatt | 34364.2 | 46.8 | |
| Charging piles | 10000 | 191.5 | 80.3 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 8,403.9 billion yuan in 2022, representing a decrease of 4.0 percent over the previous year. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 2,379.2 billion yuan, up by 3.0 percent. Share-holding enterprises earned 6,161.1 billion yuan, down by 2.7 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan achieved profits of 2,004.0 billion yuan, down by 9.5 percent. Private enterprises recorded profits of 2,663.8 billion yuan, reflecting a decrease of 7.2 percent.[10]
From a sectoral perspective, the mining industry generated profits of 1,557.4 billion yuan, up by 48.6 percent year-on-year. The manufacturing sector reported profits of 6,415.0 billion yuan, a decrease of 13.4 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water achieved profits of 431.5 billion yuan, up by 41.8 percent.[10]
In 2022, the cost for per-hundred-yuan business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 84.72 yuan, 0.91 yuan higher than in 2021. The profit rate of business revenue stood at 6.09 percent, down by 0.64 percentage points. By the end of 2022, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 56.6 percent, 0.3 percentage points higher than at the end of 2021. The national industrial capacity utilization rate was 75.6 percent in 2022.[10]
2023
In 2023, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 39,910.3 billion yuan, representing an increase of 4.2 percent compared with the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size rose by 4.6 percent. By ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 5.0 percent. Share-holding enterprises recorded a growth of 5.3 percent, while enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan rose by 1.4 percent. Private enterprises reported a rise of 3.1 percent. By sector, the value added of the mining industry increased by 2.3 percent, that of manufacturing rose by 5.0 percent, and that of the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water grew by 4.3 percent.[11]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2022 (%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 2234.2 | -2.2 | [11] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 294.9 | -4.8 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 7127.0 | 10.3 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1270.6 | -13.2 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 24427.5 | 0.4 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 19339.6 | -1.3 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 9632.3 | 14.5 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 24487.0 | 13.5 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 101908.1 | 0.0 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 136268.2 | 5.2 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals
Of which: Refined copper (copper) Aluminum electrolyze |
10000 tons | 7469.8 | 7.1 | |
| 10000 tons | 1298.8 | 13.5 | ||
| 10000 tons | 4159.4 | 3.7 | ||
| Cement | 100 million tons | 20.2 | -0.7 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 9580.0 | 3.4 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 4101.4 | 3.5 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 3189.9 | 6.0 | |
| Chemical fertilizer(100 percent equivalent) | 10000 tons | 5713.6 | 5.0 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 23442.7 | 28.5 | |
| Motor vehicles
Of which: New energy vehicles |
10000 | 3011.3 | 9.3 | |
| 10000 | 944.3 | 30.3 | ||
| Large and medium tractors | 10000 | 38.0 | -7.2 | |
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 3514.4 | 6.9 | |
| Program-controlled switchboards | 10000 lines | 507.0 | -42.6 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 156642.2 | 6.9 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 33056.9 | -17.4 | |
| Industrial robots | 10000 sets | 43.0 | -2.2 | |
| Ultra-clear glass for solar industry | 10000 square meters | 159264.8 | 58.6 | |
| Charging piles | 10000 | 287.8 | 36.9 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 7,685.8 billion yuan in 2023, representing a decrease of 2.3 percent over the previous year. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 2,262.3 billion yuan, down by 3.4 percent. Share-holding enterprises earned 5,677.3 billion yuan, down by 1.2 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan achieved profits of 1,797.5 billion yuan, down by 6.7 percent. Private enterprises recorded profits of 2,343.8 billion yuan, reflecting an increase of 2.0 percent.[11]
From a sectoral perspective, the mining industry generated profits of 1,239.2 billion yuan, down by 19.7 percent year-on-year. The manufacturing sector reported profits of 5,764.4 billion yuan, a decrease of 2.0 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water achieved profits of 682.2 billion yuan, up by 54.7 percent.[11]
In 2023, the cost for per-hundred-yuan business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 84.76 yuan, 0.04 yuan higher than in 2022. The profit rate of business revenue stood at 5.76 percent, down by 0.20 percentage points. By the end of 2023, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 57.1 percent, 0.1 percentage point lower than at the end of 2022. The capacity utilization rate of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 75.1 percent in 2023.[11]
2024
In 2024, the total value added of China’s industrial sector reached 40,544.2 billion yuan, representing an increase of 5.7 percent compared with the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size rose by 5.8 percent. By ownership, the value added of state-holding enterprises increased by 4.2 percent. Share-holding enterprises recorded a growth of 6.1 percent, while enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan rose by 4.0 percent. Private enterprises reported a rise of 5.3 percent. By sector, the value added of the mining industry increased by 3.1 percent, that of manufacturing rose by 6.1 percent, and that of the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water grew by 5.3 percent.[12]
| Product | Unit | Output | Increase over
2023 (%) |
source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yarn | 10000 tons | 2277.9 | 1.3 | [12] |
| Cloth | 100 million meters | 306.3 | 2.2 | |
| Chemical fiber | 10000 tons | 7910.8 | 9.7 | |
| Refined sugar (final product) | 10000 tons | 1498.6 | 17.0 | |
| Cigarettes | 100 million | 24654.6 | 0.9 | |
| Color TV sets | 10000 | 20745.4 | 4.6 | |
| Household refrigerators | 10000 | 10395.7 | 8.3 | |
| Air conditioners | 10000 | 26598.4 | 9.7 | |
| Crude steel | 10000 tons | 100509.1 | -1.7 | |
| Rolled steel | 10000 tons | 139967.4 | 1.1 | |
| Ten kinds of nonferrous metals
Of which: Refined copper (copper) Aluminum electrolyze |
10000 tons | 7918.8 | 4.3 | |
| 10000 tons | 1364.4 | 4.1 | ||
| 10000 tons | 4400.5 | 4.6 | ||
| Cement | 100 million tons | 18.3 | -9.5 | |
| Sulfuric acid (100%) | 10000 tons | 10369.9 | 6.9 | |
| Caustic soda (100%) | 10000 tons | 4365.7 | 5.5 | |
| Ethylene | 10000 tons | 3493.4 | 0.7 | |
| Chemical fertilizer(100 percent equivalent) | 10000 tons | 6006.1 | 8.5 | |
| Power generation equipment | 10000 kilowatts | 28433.9 | 16.0 | |
| Motor vehicles
Of which: New energy vehicles |
10000 | 3155.9 | 4.8 | |
| 10000 | 1316.8 | 38.7 | ||
| Integrated circuits | 100 million pieces | 4514.2 | 22.2 | |
| Mobile telephones | 10000 | 166952.9 | 7.8 | |
| Micro computer equipment | 10000 | 33912.9 | 2.7 | |
| Industrial robots | 10000 sets | 55.6 | 14.2 | |
| Ultra-clear glass for solar industry | 10000 square meters | 287884.5 | 53.5 | |
| Charging piles | 10000 | 469.7 | 58.7 | |
| Smart watches | 10000 | 8095.4 | 5.4 | |
| Virtual reality devices | 10000 | 836.6 | 59.4 |
The total profits of industrial enterprises above the designated size amounted to 7,431.1 billion yuan in 2024, representing a decrease of 3.3 percent over the previous year. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 2,139.7 billion yuan, down by 4.6 percent. Share-holding enterprises earned 5,616.6 billion yuan, down by 3.6 percent. Enterprises funded by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan achieved profits of 1,763.8 billion yuan, down by 1.7 percent. Private enterprises recorded profits of 2,324.6 billion yuan, reflecting an increase of 0.5 percent.[12]
From a sectoral perspective, the mining industry generated profits of 1,127.2 billion yuan, down by 10.0 percent year-on-year. The manufacturing sector reported profits of 5,514.1 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.9 percent, while the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas, and water achieved profits of 789.8 billion yuan, up by 14.5 percent.[12]
In 2024, the cost for per-hundred-yuan business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 85.16 yuan, 0.36 yuan higher than in 2023. The profit rate of business revenue stood at 5.39 percent, down by 0.30 percentage points. By the end of 2024, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 57.5 percent, 0.1 percentage point higher than at the end of 2023. The capacity utilization rate of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 75.0 percent in 2024.[12]
- ^ a b Kirby, E. Stuart (July 1955). "China's first five‐year plan". Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society. 42 (3–4): 269–274. doi:10.1080/03068375508731554. ISSN 0035-8789.
- ^ a b c "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2014 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-31.
- ^ a b c "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2015 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-31.
- ^ a b c d e "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2016 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-31.
- ^ a b "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2017 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-31.
- ^ a b c d e "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2018 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-31.
- ^ a b c d e "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-29.
- ^ a b c d e f "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2020 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-29.
- ^ a b c d e "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2021 National Economic and Social Development". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-29.
- ^ a b c d e "STATISTICAL COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE 2022 NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-28.
- ^ a b c d e "STATISTICAL COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE 2023 NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-20.
- ^ a b c d e "STATISTICAL COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE 2024 NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-27.