List of document markup languages
The following is a list of document markup languages. You may also find the List of markup languages of interest.
Well-known document markup languages
- HyperText Markup Language (HTML) – the original markup language that was defined as a part of implementing World Wide Web, an ad hoc defined language inspired by the meta format SGML and which inspired many other markup languages.
- Keyhole Markup Language (KML/KMZ)[1] – the XML-based markup language used for exchanging geographic information for use with Google Earth.
- Markdown – simple plaintext markup popular as language of blog/cms posts and comments, multiple implementations.[2]
- Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)
- Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
- TeX, LaTeX – a format for describing complex type and page layout often used for mathematics, technical, and academic publications.
- Wiki markup – used in Wikipedia, MediaWiki and other Wiki installations.
- Extensible 3D (X3D)
- Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML): HTML reformulated in XML syntax.
- XHTML Basic – a subset of XHTML for simple (typically mobile, handheld) devices. It is meant to replace WML, and C-HTML.
- XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTML MP) – a standard designed for mobile phones and other resource-constrained devices.
Metalanguages
- Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) – a standard pattern for markup languages to which HTML and DocBook adhere.
- Extensible Markup Language (XML) – a newer standard pattern for markup languages; a restricted form of SGML that is intended to be compatible with it.
Lesser-known document markup languages
(including some lightweight markup languages)
- ABC notation – markup language for music scores in pure text[3]
- Amigaguide – the Amiga hypertext documentation format, including multimedia support
- AsciiDoc – plaintext markup language similar to Markdown
- AsciiDoctor – plaintext markup language (extending AsciiDoc)[4]
- Chemical Markup Language (CML)
- Compact HyperText Markup Language (C-HTML) – used for some mobile phones
- Computable Document Format – used for interactive technical documents
- ConTeXt – a modular, structured formatting language based on TeX
- Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) – modular open free format for technical and specialized documents
- DocBook – format for technical (but not only) manuals and documentation
- Encoded Archival Description (EAD)
- Enriched text – for formatting e-mail text
- GML
- Generalized Markup Language (GML)
- Geography Markup Language (GML)[5][6]
- Gesture Markup Language (GML)[7]
- Graffiti Markup Language (GML)[8]
- GNU TeXmacs format – used by the GNU TeXmacs document preparation system[9]
- Guide Markup Language (GuideML) – used by the Hitchhiker's Guide site[10]
- Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML) – designed for smartphones and handheld computers
- Help Markup Language (HelpML)
- Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)
- HyperTeX – for including hyperlinks in TeX (and LaTeX) documents
- Information Presentation Facility (IPF) – a system for presenting online help and hypertext on IBM OS/2 systems, and the default help file format used by the cross-platform fpGUI Toolkit project
- Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) – a NISO standard of XML used to describe and publish STEM scholarly journal articles
- LilyPond – a system for music notation
- LinuxDoc – used by the Linux Documentation Project
- Lout – a document formatting functional programming language, similar in style to LaTeX
- Maker Interchange Format (MIF)
- Microsoft Assistance Markup Language (MAML)
- Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)
- Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML)
- Open Mathematical Documents (OMDoc)
- OpenMath – a markup language for mathematical formulae which can complement MathML
- Parameter Value Language – stores mission data in NASA's Planetary Database System
- Plain Old Documentation (POD) – a simple, platform-independent documentation tool for Perl[11]
- Pillar – a markup syntax and associated tools to write and generate documentation written in Pharo[12]
- PUB – an early markup language with scripting support[13]
- Remote Telescope Markup Language (RTML)
- reStructuredText (reSt) – plaintext platform-independent markup used as Python libraries documentation tool, multiple output formats (HTML, LaTeX, ODT, EPUB, ...)[14]
- Retail Template Markup Language (RTML) – e-commerce language which is based on Lisp
- Revisable-Form Text (RFT) – part of IBM's Document Content Architecture to allow transfer of formatted documents to other systems
- S1000D – international specification for technical documentation related to commercial or military; aerospace, sea or land; vehicles or equipment
- Scribble – Markup language based on Racket[15][16]
- Scribe – Brian Reid's seminal markup language
- Script – early IBM markup language on which GML is built
- Semantic, Extensible, Computational, Styled, Tagged markup language (SECST) – a more expressive and semantic alternative to Markdown that also transpiles to HTML[17]
- Structured Information, Serialized Units (SiSU) – generalized markup language with several output formats[18]
- SKiCal – a machine-readable format for the interchange of enhanced yellow-page directory listings
- Skriv – lightweight markup language
- Texinfo – GNU documentation format
- Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) – guidelines for text encoding in the humanities, social sciences and linguistics
- Textile – plaintext XHTML web text
- Time Management Markup Language[19] (TMML) – for Time Management and rarely used for mobile alarm in 2008
- Typesetter runoff (troff), GNU runoff (groff)
- Universal Document Output (UDO) – a lightweight markup language
- Wireless Markup Language (WML), Wireless TV Markup Language (WTVML)
- Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) – an XML based user interface markup language
- Xupl – a C-style equivalent to XML
Office document markup languages
- Compound Document Format
- Microsoft Office 2003 XML formats – Microsoft's predecessor to the Office Open XML formats
- Office Open XML (OOXML) – mainly developed by Microsoft, a standardized, open format for office documents that describes of a number of XML schemas, including the following:
- SpreadsheetML – a schema for representing spreadsheets and charts
- PresentationML – a schema for representing presentations
- WordprocessingML – a schema for representing word processing documents
- DrawingML – a supporting schema for representing charts, shapes, pictures, tables, diagrams, and document themes[20]: 19
- OpenDocument (ODF) – a standardized, open format for office documents originally conceived by a Technical Committee (TC) under the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) industry consortium
- OpenOffice.org XML – a standardized, open format for office documents and the predecessor of the OpenDocument format
- ReportML – report format language originating from Microsoft Access that, as of the 2016 edition, is not yet a part of Office Open XML standard
- Rich Text Format (RTF) – though not a markup language per se, since it was never meant for intuitive and easy typing, a Microsoft format for exchanging documents with other vendors' applications[21][22]
- Uniform Office Format (UOF) – an open format for office documents that is being harmonised with OpenDocument[as of?]
See also
- Comparison of document markup languages
- Comparison of Office Open XML and OpenDocument
- Lightweight markup language
- Page description language
References
- ^ Google Developers: Keyhole Markup Language KML Reference. Accessed on 2013/03/15.
- ^ "Daring Fireball: Markdown". Archived from the original on 2004-04-02. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
- ^ "Abc:standard [abc wiki]".
- ^ "Asciidoctor | A fast, open source text processor and publishing toolchain for converting AsciiDoc content to HTML5, DocBook, PDF, and other formats".
- ^ Open Geospatial Consortium, "Geography Markup Language", OGC accessed on 2013/03/15.
- ^ Geography Markup Language is an ISO standard (ISO 19136:2007).
- ^ Gesture Markup Language GestureML Wiki Archived 2013-03-10 at the Wayback Machine. Extensible markup language used to define gestures that describe interactive object behavior and the relationships between objects in an application. Accessed on 2013/03/15.
- ^ Graffiti Markup Language Graffiti Markup Language. Designed to maximize readability and ease of implementation for even hobbyist programmers, artists and graffiti writers. Accessed on 2013/03/15.
- ^ "The TeXmacs format".
- ^ h2g2
- ^ "Perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format - Perldoc Browser".
- ^ "Documenting and Presenting with Pillar". Archived from the original on 26 April 2016.
- ^ PUB Manual
- ^ "ReStructuredText". 24 May 2016.
- ^ Flatt, M.; Barzilay, E.; Findler, R. B. (2009). "Scribble: Closing the Book on Ad Hoc Documentation Tools". International Conference on Functional Programming.
- ^ "Scribble: The Racket Documentation Tool".
- ^ SECST Markup Language SECST Markup Language
- ^ "≅ SiSU project sisudoc.org".
- ^ "TMML tutorial". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
- ^ ECMA-376-1:2016: Office Open XML File Formats — Fundamentals and Markup Language Reference (5th ed.). Ecma-international.org. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
- ^ RTF Pocket Guide by O'Reilly Media, retrieved 2010-03-13
- ^ Sean M. Burke (July 2003). "RTF Pocket Guide". Amazon UK. Retrieved 2010-03-13.