String-net
In condensed matter physics, a string-net is an extended object whose collective behavior has been proposed as a physical explanation for topological order by Michael Levin and Xiao-Gang Wen. A particular string-net model may involve only closed loops; or networks of oriented, labeled strings obeying branching rules given by some gauge group; or still more general networks. For strings labeled by the positive integers, string-nets are the spin networks studied in loop quantum gravity. This has led the the proposal by Wen and Levin, [1] , and Smolin, Markopolou and Tomasz, that loop quantum gravity's spin networks can give rise to the standard model of particle physics through this mechanism, along with fermi statistics and gauge interactions.
Herbertsmithite may be the only known example of String-net matter.[2] [3]
References
- Levin, Michael A. and Xiao-Gang Wen (2005). "String-net condensation: A physical mechanism for topological phases". Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 71 (045110): 21. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.71.045110.
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- ^ Title: Photons and electrons as emergent phenomena Michael Levin, Xiao-Gang Wen http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0407140 page 8 "loop quantum gravity appears to be a string net condensation..."
- ^ www.EurekAlert.org - Have researchers found a new state of matter?
- ^ www.newscientist.com - The universe is a string-net liquid
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