PERMA model
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PERMA is a model of psychological well-being developed by Martin Seligman in 2011. The acronym stands for the five core elements of well-being: Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment.[1] The model was introduced in Seligman's book Flourish, and is now widely used in positive psychology interventions, organizational psychology, and development programs.[2][3][4]
Measurement
Julie Butler and Margaret Kern created the PERMA-Profiler as a measure of the PERMA model. The profiler uses a set of 15 questions (three items per PERMA domain). In the second phase of research eight additional items were added, which assess overall wellbeing, negative emotion, loneliness, and physical health, resulting in a final 23-item measure. The answers range from 0 ("never") to 10 ("always").[5]
References
- ^ Seligman, Martin (2018-07-04). doi:10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466. ISSN 1743-9760 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Mayo, Augusto Renato Pérez; Velaz, Edgar Bahena; Nieto, Nohemí Roque; Sánchez, Pablo Guerrero (2019-11-28). "Working Happiness in the Human Resource of a University Organization Based on Seligman's PERMA Model". International Journal of Human Resource Studies. 9 (4): 101–109. doi:10.5296/ijhrs.v9i4.15718. ISSN 2162-3058.
- ^ Yao, Yao; Wang, Chun-Juan; Yin, Shao-Ya; Xu, Gui-zhi; Cheng, Yi-Feng; Huang, Qian-Qian; Jin, Yi (2024-10). "Effects of positive psychology intervention based on the PERMA model on psychological status and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease". Heliyon. 10 (20): e36902. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36902. PMC 11535761. PMID 39502203.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Leontopoulou, Sophie (2020-11-22). "Measuring well-being in emerging adults: Exploring the PERMA framework for positive youth development". Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society. 25 (1): 72. doi:10.12681/psy_hps.25337. ISSN 2732-6640.
- ^ Butler, Julie; Kern, Margaret L. (2016-10-13). "The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing". International Journal of Wellbeing. 6 (3). doi:10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526. ISSN 1179-8602.