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Comparison of document markup languages

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The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of document markup languages. Please see the individual markup languages' articles for further information.

General information

Basic general information about the markup languages: creator, version, etc.

Language Creator First public release date Latest stable version Editor Viewer
Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) OASIS 2005 1.0 Text/XML editor Output to HTML, PDF, CHM, others.
DocBook The Davenport Group 1992 4.5 XML editor Output to HTML, PDF, CHM, javadoc, others.
Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Berkeley Project 1998 2002 Text editor Web browser
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) W3C January 26, 2000 1.1 Text/XML editor, HTML editor Web browser
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Tim Berners-Lee 1993 4.01 Text editor, HTML editor Web browser
Maker Interchange Format (MIF) Frame Technology acquired by Adobe Systems in 1995 1986 7.0 Text editor, FrameMaker FrameMaker
Math Markup Language (MathML) W3C July 1999 2.0 Text/XML editor, TeX converter Web browser, Word processor
Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML) Recordare 2002 1.1 Scorewriter Scorewriter
Office Open Extensible Markup Language (MS OOXML) Microsoft Office suite Office suite
OpenDocument Format (ODF) OASIS 2005 1.1 Office suite Office suite
Open Mathematical Documents (OMDoc) Michael Kohlhase 2000 1.2 Text/XML editor[1] Output to XHTML+MathML, TeX, others.
Rich Text Format (RTF) Microsoft 1987 1.9 Text editor, Word processor Word processor
TeX Donald Knuth 1978 3.141592 Text editor DVI or Portable Document Format (PDF) converter
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Text Encoding Initiative Consortium 1990 P5 Text/XML editor Web Browser (via transformation to XHTML), PDF, or Word Processor (via transformation to ODF)
troff (typesetter runoff), groff (GNU runoff) Joe Ossanna 1973 groff 1.19 Text editor groffer, or output to PostScript
Wireless Markup Language (WML) WAP Forum ? 2.0 Text/XML editor Microbrowser
Language Creator First public release date Latest stable version Editor Viewer

Characteristics

Some characteristics of the markup languages.

Language Major purpose Based on Markup type Structural markup Presentational markup[2]
Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) Technical documents XML Tag Yes No
DocBook Technical documents SGML / XML Tag Yes No
Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Finding aids XML Tag Yes No
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) Hypertext documents XML Tag Yes No[3]
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Hypertext documents SGML Tag Yes Yes[4]
Maker Interchange Format (MIF) Technical documents Tag Yes Yes
Math Markup Language (MathML) Mathematical documents XML Tag Yes Yes[5]
Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML) Music notation XML Tag Yes Yes
Office Open Extensible Markup Language (MS OOXML) Multi-purpose XML/ZIP Tag Yes Yes
OpenDocument Format (ODF) Multi-purpose XML/ZIP Tag Yes Yes
Open Mathematical Document (OMDoc) Mathematical documents XML Tag Yes[6] Yes[7]
Rich Text Format (RTF) Formatted documents Control code Yes Yes
TeX Academic documents Control code Yes Yes
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Academic, Linguistic, Literary, Technical documents XML Tag Yes No
troff (typesetter runoff), groff (GNU runoff) Technical documents RUNOFF Control code Yes Yes
Wireless Markup Language (WML) Hypertext documents XML Tag Yes Yes
Language Major purpose Based on Markup type Structural markup Presentational markup
  1. ^ An Emacs mode and a Mozilla extension are available.
  2. ^ Many markup languages have purposely avoided presentational markups. For markup languages based on SGML and XML, CSS is used as a presentation layer.
  3. ^ Presentational markup is deprecated in XHTML 1.0 and no longer allowed in XHTML 1.1 or later
  4. ^ Presentational markup is deprecated in HTML 4.0 and later
  5. ^ MathML comes in two mark-up syntaxes: a semantic and a presentational.
  6. ^ uses Content MathML, OpenMath or other formats for formulae
  7. ^ Exact presentation of symbols can be specified in OMDoc; these specifications are used when transforming OMDoc to a presentational format.

See also

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