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Salt and ice challenge

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Scarring as a result of the salt and ice challenge, eleven days after performing it

Introduction

The salt and ice challenge is an Internet challenge where participants pour salt on their bodies, usually on the arm, and ice is then placed on the salt.[1] This causes a "burning" sensation similar to frostbite, and participants vie to withstand the pain for the longest time. The challenge can be recorded and posted on YouTube or other forms of social media.[2]

The mixture of ice and salt create eutectic frigorific mixture which can get as cold as −18 °C (0 °F).[3]

The salt and ice challenge can quickly cause second- and third-degree injuries similar to frostbite or being burnt with the metal end of a lighter, as well as causing painful open sores to form on the skin. Due to the numbing sensation of the cold and possible nerve damage during the stunt, participants are often unaware of the extent of any injuries sustained during the challenge, only feeling pain once the salt on their skin enters lesions created during the challenge. Skin discoloration from the challenge may remain after the challenge has been attempted.[4][5][6]

Scientific Reaction

As mentioned, the reaction that is created between salt and ice is an eutectic frigorific mixture. For the salt and ice challenge, molecular polarizability is a key factor of this reaction. The ions in Sodium chloride (table salt) are heavily influenced by the molecular polarizability of the ice itself. [7] The difference between the spacing of the electrons in the table salt  and ice cause this reaction. The melting point of ice is decreased due to the incorporation of table salt and this then causes a binding of the two substances. The ice is neutralized by the salt, thus causing the ice to melt easier and at a higher rate. [8]

Health Hazards and Injury Recovery

The stunt leaves behind an ice burn that increases in severity the longer the chemical reaction is occurring on the skin. In the ice burn that occurs from this reaction, the ice crystals that form have the potential to burn and scar the skin permanently the longer the reaction occurs. Blistering at the site of injury is often common in more severe cases.[9]  The freezing of tissue between the dermal and epidermal levels of the skin lead to a disruption in circulation initially causing frost nip.[10] After a few days from a salt and ice challenge, depending on the severity and duration of the burn, regeneration of epithelial cells should slowly occur along with scarring and surface disruption. [11]

The salt and ice challenge was popularized on YouTube and other social media in the late 2000s and early 2010s. The first documented video of the salt and ice challenge was posted to YouTube in 2006 by user OxZmoran. They performed the stunt and garnered over 100,000 views. [12] The first viral salt and ice challenge was posted to the entertainment site eBaum's World, in which a group of teenagers attempted the challenge and garnered almost 500,000 views.[13] This virality led to other popular influencers, YouTubers, and online personalities attempting the salt and ice challenge and posting the results online.

YouTube Virality

  • Famous YouTube personality GloZell Green attempted the challenge in 2012. Although deleted from her original channel, it was reuploaded on YouTube that same year. GloZell made multiple followup videos about the challenge and how it affected her skin. These videos garnered millions of views. [14] [15] [16]
  • The popular challenge YouTuber LA Beast attempted the challenge in 2012, burning himself by squeezing ice and salt between his hands. His video received almost 2 million views. [17]
  • YouTuber Deji Olatunji posted a video of him attempting the challenge on his YouTube channel in 2017, gaining over 5 million views.[18]
  • Online entertainer Chunkz burned himself trying the challenge on his YouTube channel in 2017. His video garnered almost 3 million views.[19]
  • Famous gaming YouTuber CoryxKenshin attempted the challenge during a video in 2014, gaining almost 2 million views. [20]
  • In 2012, a young Australian singer and actor Troye Sivan attempted the challenge, gaining almost 1 million views on his YouTube video.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ Vang, Gia (July 29, 2012). "Experts: Don't Try 'Salt and Ice Challenge'". Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  2. ^ Kuhn, Sherri. July 5, 2012. ".The Salt and ice challenge: Don't let your teen get burned Archived 2023-06-01 at the Wayback Machine". Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  3. ^ "General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Solutions: Why isn't 0°F the lowest possible temperature for a salt/ice/water mixture?". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  4. ^ ""Ice and salt challenge" leaves 12-year-old Pittsburgh boy with second-degree burns - HealthPop". CBS News. 2012-07-02. Archived from the original on 2012-07-03. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  5. ^ Kwak, Janet (3 July 2012). "Ice-and-Salt Challenge Fires Up Health Officials | NBC Southern California". Nbclosangeles.com. Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  6. ^ "Boy, 12, badly injured in 'salt-and-ice' challenge - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". Post-gazette.com. 2012-06-29. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  7. ^ Kim, Jun Soo (September 28, 2008). "The effect of salt on the melting of ice: A molecular dynamics simulation study". The Journal of Chemical Physics. Retrieved November 16, 2024. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ Breakey, Williwm; Crowley, Timothy; Alrawi, Mogdad. "Salt and Ice, a Challenge Not to Be Taken Lightly". Journal of Burn Care and Research. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  9. ^ Sachs, Cristoph; Lehenhardt, Marcus; Daigeler, Adrien; Goertz, Ole (October 30, 2015). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  10. ^ Iii, William B. Long; Edlich, Richard; Winters, Kathryne L.; Britt, L. D. (2005). "Cold Injuries". Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. 15 (1). doi:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v15.i1.80. ISSN 1050-6934.
  11. ^ Isozaki, Shotaro; Tanaka, Hiroki; Horioka, Kie; Konishi, Hiroaki; Kashima, Shin; Takauji, Shuhei; Fujiya, Mikihiro; Druid, Henrik (2022-06-01). "Hypoxia-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin in the healing process of frostbite". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1868 (6): 166385. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166385. ISSN 0925-4439.
  12. ^ OxZmoran (2006-07-12). ice plus salt=bad. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.
  13. ^ ebaum. "Ice And Salt". www.ebaumsworld.com. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
  14. ^ mskitty3001 (2012-06-28). Salt and Ice Challenge W Lipstick on her teeth GloZell YouTube2. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ GloZell Green (2012-03-28). After the Salt and Ice Challenge ... GloZell. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.
  16. ^ GloMamaG (2012-04-05). My burnt arm 8 Days after GloZell's Salt and Ice Challenge. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.
  17. ^ skippy62able (2012-12-14). Salt and Ice Challenge. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Deji (2014-07-19). DEADLY SALT AND ICE CHALLENGE. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.
  19. ^ Chunkz (2017-09-06). EXTREME SALT AND ICE CHALLENGE (GONE WRONG). Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.
  20. ^ CoryxKenshin (2014-10-17). SALT AND ICE CHALLENGE | #CKADay [10]. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.
  21. ^ Troye Sivan (2012-09-01). SALT & ICE CHALLENGE WIN | Troye Sivan. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via YouTube.


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