Caproate fermentation
![]() | This template is not to be used in article space. This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution. If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |
Article Draft
Lead
Caproate fermentation is a metabolic process used by different bacteria to utilize different organic substrates for the production of caproic acid (hexanoic acid) as well as other valuable byproducts.[1] Caproic acid is a valuable compound in food industries as a flavor additive, feedstock for chemical industries, antimicrobial agents in the pharmaceutical industry, and more.[2] Though this process is used by varying bacterial species[3], the most common species utilizing caproate fermentation in its metabolic process is Clostridium kluyveri[4]. This species, as well as others, utilize caproate fermentation through the breakdown of varying substrates for energy production, waste management and increased ability for survival in different environments. The interest in creating more efficient methods for producing caproates—specifically n-caproate (hexanoate) and n-caprylate (octanoate)—has been challenged by the natural efficiency of C. kluyveri.[5] Improvement in the production processes of these short-chain fatty acids is valuable for food preservation and biofuel production.
Article body
Carboxylic acids and alcohols are required as substrates for caproate fermentation. Due to the high concentrations in these substrates, they must be diluted which increases the cost and materials needed. Recently studies suggest that food waste can serve as an alternative source for these substrates, potentially reducing cost and waste.[6] There are many different ways to produce caproate fermentation however, it is difficult to avoid disruption of the cell and effectively produce caproate. To efficiently produce caproate, optimal conditions are required including: pH, temperature, and environmental concentration.[7]
-- discovery
--chemical structures/properties
--functions/mechanism/rules
--optimal conditions
--insert images
References
- ^ Ding, Hong-Bo; Tan, Giin-Yu Amy; Wang, Jing-Yuan (2010-12-01). "Caproate formation in mixed-culture fermentative hydrogen production". Bioresource Technology. 101 (24): 9550–9559. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.056. ISSN 0960-8524.
- ^ Cavalcante, Willame de Araújo; Leitão, Renato Carrhá; Gehring, Tito A.; Angenent, Largus T.; Santaella, Sandra Tédde (2017-03-01). "Anaerobic fermentation for n-caproic acid production: A review". Process Biochemistry. 54: 106–119. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2016.12.024. ISSN 1359-5113.
- ^ Hung, Chun-Hsiung; Chang, Yi-Tang; Chang, Yu-Jie (2011-09). "Roles of microorganisms other than Clostridium and Enterobacter in anaerobic fermentative biohydrogen production systems--a review". Bioresource Technology. 102 (18): 8437–8444. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.084. ISSN 1873-2976. PMID 21429742.
{{cite journal}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Yin, Yanan; Zhang, Yifeng; Karakashev, Dimitar Borisov; Wang, Jianlong; Angelidaki, Irini (2017-10). "Biological caproate production by Clostridium kluyveri from ethanol and acetate as carbon sources". Bioresource Technology. 241: 638–644. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.184. ISSN 1873-2976. PMID 28605728.
{{cite journal}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Fernández-Blanco, Carla; Pereira, Alexandra; Veiga, María C.; Kennes, Christian; Ganigué, Ramon (2024-09). "Comprehensive comparative study on n-caproate production by Clostridium kluyveri: batch vs. continuous operation modes". Bioresource Technology. 408: 131138. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131138.
{{cite journal}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Zhang, Cunsheng; Liang, Tianyu; Li, Chengmei; Ji, Hairui; Liu, Hongze; Ling, Zhihui; Tian, Zhongjian (2024-09-06). "Caproate production from the mixture of corn straw and food waste via chain elongation with reinforcement of biofilm". Process Biochemistry. 147: 137–146. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2024.08.019.
- ^ Yu, Jiangnan; Liao, Jialin; Huang, Zhenxing; Wu, Peng; Zhao, Mingxing; Liu, Chunmei; Ruan, Wenquan (2019-07-01). "Enhanced Anaerobic Mixed Culture Fermentation with Anion-Exchange Resin for Caproate Production". Processes. 7 (7): 404. doi:10.3390/pr7070404. ISSN 2227-9717.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)