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Pabdeh Formation

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The Pabdeh Formation is a Late Eocene to Early Oligocene-aged geological formation in Iran. It outcrops along the Zagros Mountains. It was deposited in a deepwater environment of the Tethys Ocean, with these abyssal sediments being lifted high above sea level from the uplift of the Zagros fold and thrust belt as part of the Alpide orogeny.

A high number of fossil fishes are known from this formation, the majority of which appear to have pelagic and deepwater affinities. These are mostly known from two localities near Elam and Istehbanat.[1] The age of this locality has been disputed, and has previously been considered to be Early Oligocene, but is now generally thought to be middle to late Eocene in age, most likely Priabonian.

Paleobiota

Cartilaginous fishes

Genus Species Notes Images
Xiphodolamia X. serrata A lamnid shark.[2]

Bony fishes

Based primarily on Arambourg (1967), with taxonomic changes made where necessary:[1]

Genus Species Locality Notes Images
Aluvarus A. praeimperialis Elam The larva of a percomorph of uncertain affinities, once thought to be a louvar relative.
Arambourgthurus A. scombrurus Istehbanat A surgeonfish.
?Astronesthes ?A. simus Elam An apparent stareater, taxonomic affinity uncertain.
Babelichthys B. olneyi Elam A bizarre crestfish.
Berycomorus B. firdoussi Elam A beryciform.
Bregmaceros B. filamentosus Elam A codlet.
Caucasiganus C. sp. Istehbanat A relative of rabbitfish.
Cheilinus C. longifillis Istehbanat A wrasse.
Cottopsis C. gaudryi Elam An oceanic basslet.[3]
Dussumieria D. elami Elam A rainbow sardine.
Eosternoptyx E. discoidalis Elam A deep-sea hatchetfish.
Epinnula E. cancellata Elam A snake mackerel.
Etrumeus E. hafizi Istehbanat A round herring.
Grammatorcynus G. scomberoides Istehbanat, Elam A mackerel.
Iraniplectus I. bakhtiari Elam A tetraodontiform.
Maurolicus M. morgani Elam A pearlside.
?Myroconger ?M. rouslami Elam An apparent thin eel, taxonomic affinity uncertain.
Opisthonema O. persicum Elam A thread herring.
Palaeorhynchus P. altivelis Istehbanat A palaeorhynchid billfish.
Palimphyes (=Dipterichthys) P. nematophorus Elam A euzaphlegid.
P. leptosomus
Praewoodsia P. mesogeae Elam A bristlemouth.
Priacanthopsis P. crassispinus Elam A bigeye.
Proserrivomer P. mecquenemi Elam A sawtooth eel.
Propteridium P. douvillei Elam A viviparous brotula.
Pristigenys P. macropus Istehbanat A bigeye.
Protolophotus P. elami Elam A crestfish.
?Psenes ?P. macrolepis Elam A driftfish, taxonomic identity uncertain.
Pseudoholocentrum P. cristatum Elam A holocentrid.
Rybapina R. orientalis Elam A driftfish.
Scomber S. saadii Istehbanat A mackerel.
Scomberomorus S. speciosus Istehbanat A mackerel.
Scopeloides S. glarisianus Elam A bristlemouth.
Sphyraena S. longimana Istehbanat A barracuda.
Thyrsitoides T. zarathoustrae Elam A relative of the blacksail snake mackerel.
?Urosphen ?U. iranensis Elam A urosphenid syngnathiform.

Birds

Genus Species Locality Notes Images
Diomedeoides (=Frigidafrons) D. babaheydariensis Istehbanat A diomedeoidid seabird.[4]

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Genus Species Notes Images
Eogordonella E. iranianiensis A solenocerid shrimp.
Eopabdehus E. babaheydariensis A penaeid shrimp.
Parsacus P. eocenicus A slipper lobster.

Insecta

Genus Species Notes Images
Acrididae indet. A short-horned grasshopper of uncertain affinities, potentially in a migratory locust-like phase.[5]
Formicidae indet. A potentially myrmicine ant of uncertain affinities, migratory alates.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France); naturelle (France), Muséum national d'histoire (1966). Notes et mémoires sur le Moyen-Orient. Vol. t.8 (1966). Paris: Muséum national d'histoire naturelle.
  2. ^ Adnet, S.; Hosseinzadeh, R.; Antunes, M. T.; Balbino, A. C.; Kozlov, V. A.; Cappetta, H. (2009-10-01). "Review of the enigmatic Eocene shark genus Xiphodolamia (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes) and description of a new species recovered from Angola, Iran and Jordan". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 55 (3): 197–204. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.04.005. ISSN 1464-343X.
  3. ^ Prokofiev, A. M. (2007-09-01). "The osteology of Bathysphyraenops symplex and the diagnosis of the Howellidae (Perciformes: Percoidei) family". Journal of Ichthyology. 47 (8): 566–578. doi:10.1134/S0032945207080036. ISSN 1555-6425.
  4. ^ Peters, Dieter Stefan; Hamedani, Ali (2000-05-01). "Frigidafons babaheydariensis n. sp., ein Sturmvogel aus dem Oligozän des Irans (Aves: Procellariidae)". Senckenbergiana lethaea (in German). 80 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1007/BF03043661. ISSN 0037-2110.
  5. ^ a b Mirzaie Ataabadi, Majid; Bahrami, Ali; Yazdi, Mehdi; Nel, André (2019-05-28). "A locust witness of a trans-oceanic Oligocene migration between Arabia and Iran (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". Historical Biology. 31 (5): 574–580. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1378651. ISSN 0891-2963.
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