Tactical engagement simulation

Tactical Engagement Simulation (TES) - a training system for weapons in which laser transmitters are used instead of bullets, larger rounds or shorter-range guided weapons such as anti-tank missiles. A laser transmitter is mounted on the weapon and aligned with the barrel.

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) is often used as the Stimulated medium and this produces a wavelength of 904 nanometres, in the near Infra Red band outside the sensitivity of the human eye which is from about 400 to 700nm (0.4 to 0.7 microns).

In modern TES systems the laser transmission is coded so that in a field exercise, individual weapons can be identified by exercise control (EXCOM) and appropriate calculations made of gravity drop, warhead damage radius and so forth.

Weapons as small as hand guns can be part of a TES system as can larger weapons including tanks and large calibre guns. In field exercises, the laser transmitters can trigger cartridge-based Weapon Effects Simulation (WES) devices (see the entry for WES) mounted on potential targets such as tanks and other vehicles. WES systems include pyrotechnic flash/bang and smoke devices that add realism to a field exercise.

All these events are recorded on the exercise computer. After-Action Review (AAR) can include comprehensive analysis of weapon firing, accuracy and warhead effects on the targets. Such techniques have taken much speculation out of the assessment of field exercises and have resulted in more realistic training than formerly was available other than by using (dangerous) live firing.