Standard Occupational Classification System
The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System is a United States government system for classifying occupations. It is used by U.S. federal government agencies collecting occupational data, enabling comparison of occupations across data sets. It is designed to cover all occupations in which work is performed for pay or profit, reflecting the current occupational structure in the United States. The 2018 SOC includes 867 detailed occupations.[1]
Users of occupational data include human resources professionals, government program managers, industrial and labor relations practitioners, students considering career training, job seekers, vocational training schools, and employers wishing to set salary scales or locate a new plant.
An occupation is defined as a group of "jobs that are similar with respect to the work performed and the skills possessed by workers." [2] Therefore, different jobs with similar duties and job requirements would be in the same occupation. For example, a bank branch manager and a city treasurer would both be part of the Financial Manager occupation in the SOC.
The detailed occupations in the SOC can be combined into 459 broad occupations, 98 minor groups, and 23 major groups. The SOC codes have a hierarchical format, so for example the code "15-0000" refers to occupations in the "Computer and Mathematical Occupations" major group, and "15-1252" is a subset for the "Software Developers" detailed occupation.[3]
The SOC does not categorize industries or employers. There are parallel category systems for industries used with SOC data, most commonly NAICS.
Other countries have national occupational classification systems and the International Labour Organization, an agency of the United Nations, has developed the International Standard Classification of Occupations.[4]
Classifications
- Architecture and engineering occupations
- Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
- Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
- Business and financial operations occupations
- Community and social services occupations
- Computer and mathematical occupations
- Construction and extraction occupations
- Education, training, and library occupations
- Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
- Food preparation and serving related occupations
- Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
- Healthcare support occupations
- Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
- Legal occupations
- Life, physical, and social science occupations
- Management occupations
- Military specific occupations
- Office and administrative support occupations
- Personal care and service occupations
- Production occupations
- Protective service occupations
- Sales and related occupations
- Transportation and material moving occupations
History
The SOC was established in 1977, and revised by a committee representing specialists from across U.S. government agencies in the 1990s.[5] SOC codes were updated again in 2010, and on November 28, 2017, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) published a Federal Register notice detailing the final decisions for the 2018 SOC.[6]
See also
- Designation of workers by collar color
- Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) First Published 1938. Last complete update 1977. Last revised edition published (DOT, 4th ed.) in 1991. Now out of print, the DOT is used by Administrative Law Judges (as required by statute) to encode physical requirements of occupations to make Occupational Law determinations, and for research using its detail over the period covered.
- International Standard Classification of Occupations
- National Occupational Classification (NOC) (in Canada)
- Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Comprehensive information based largely on input from individuals who have personally performed over 970 'data-level' occupational categories; taxonomic information about 40 'non-data-level' categories (970+ 40 = a total of 1010 occupations); includes 840 SOC categories and many specialized O*NET-SOC categories.
- Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) Created and maintained by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
References
- ^ Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC), U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- ^ Glossary, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- ^ 2018 SOC Major Groups at bls.gov
- ^ International Standard Classification of Occupations, ILOSTAT
- ^ Revising the Standard Occupational Classification System, June 1999, pages iii, 1.
- ^ "Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System".
- U.S. Department of Labor (2000). Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) Manual (2000 ed.). Washington, D.C.