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OpenHarmony

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OpenHarmony
OpenHarmonyLogo
DeveloperVarious (OpenAtom Foundation, Huawei and others)
Written inC, C++, JS, ArkTS
OS familyLiteOS
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseSeptember 10, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-09-10)
Latest release4.0 / October 26, 2023; 18 months ago (2023-10-26)[1]
Latest preview4.1 beta 1 / January 1, 2024; 16 months ago (2024-01-01)
Repositorygitee.com/openharmony
Marketing targetInternet of Things, Internet of vehicles, Edge computing, wireless routers, smartphones, tablet computers, smart TVs, smartwatches, smart speakers, personal computers, Laptops, mixed reality headsets, virtual reality headsets, wireless earbuds, wireless headphones, wearable devices, augmented reality headsets, smart printers, Interactive whiteboards, cars, smart homes, enterprise, industry, aerospace
Update methodOver-the-air
Package manager.app
PlatformsARM, RISC-V, x86, x64 and LoongArch[2]
Kernel typeMultikernel (KAL (Kernel Abstract Layer subsystem) with Linux kernel, and LiteOS [LiteOS-A (OpenHarmony Lightweight Kernel) & LiteOS-M])[3] and add-ons
UserlandSystem Service Layer[4]
LicenseApache license
Preceded byLiteOS
Official websiteopenharmony.cn
Support status
Supported

OpenAtom OpenHarmony, or abbreviated as OpenHarmony (OHOS), is a family of open-source operating systems based on HarmonyOS, donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation. Similar to HarmonyOS, the open-source distributed operating system is designed with a layered architecture, which consists of four layers from the bottom to the top, i.e., the kernel layer, system service layer, framework layer, and application layer.[5]

OpenHarmony supports various devices running a mini system such as printers, speakers, smartwatches and any other smart device with memory as small as 128 KB, or running a standard system with memory greater than 128 MB.[6]

The system contains the basic and some advanced capabilities of HarmonyOS.[7]

History

The first version of OpenHarmony was launched by the OpenAtom Foundation on September 10, 2020, after receiving a donation of the open-source code from Huawei.[8]

The OpenHarmony 2.0 (Canary version) was launched in June 2021, supporting a variety of smart terminal devices.[8]

Based on its earlier version, OpenAtom Foundation launched OpenHarmony 3.0 on September 30, 2021, and brought substantial improvements over the past version to optimize the operating system.[9]

A release of OpenHarmony supporting devices with up to 4 GB RAM was made available in April 2021.[10]

OpenAtom Foundation added a UniProton kernel, a hardware-based real-time operating system, into its repo as part of the Kernel Abstraction Layer (KAL) subsystem of the OpenHarmony operating system on August 10, 2022.[11]

Development

The primary IDE known as DevEco Studio to build OpenHarmony applications. Applications for OpenHarmony are mostly built using components of ArkUI, a Declarative User Interface framework. ArkUI elements are adaptable to various custom open-source hardware and industry hardware devices and include new interface rules with automatic updates along with HarmonyOS updates.[12]

Like HarmonyOS, OpenHarmony uses App Pack files suffixed with .app, also known as APP files on AppGallery and third party distribution application stores on OpenHarmony-based and non-OpenHarmony operating systems such as Linux-based Unity Operating System which is beneficial for interoperability and compatibility. Each App Pack has one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages (HAP) containing code for their abilities, resources, libraries, and a JSON file with configuration information.[13]

While incorporating the OpenHarmony layer for running the APP files developed based on HarmonyOS APIs, the operating system utilizes the main Linux kernel for bigger memory devices, as well as the RTOS-based LiteOS kernel for smaller memory-constrained devices, as well as add-ons, custom kernels in distros in the Kernel Abstract Layer (KAL) subsystem that is not kernel dependent nor instruction set dependent. For webview applications, it incorporates Chromium Embedded Framework software framework at system level for security with its custom OpenHarmony nweb software engine that support some Chromium technologies.[14]

Unlike with open-source Android operating system with countless third-party dependency packages repeatedly built into the apps at a disadvantage when it comes to fragmentation. The OpenHarmony central warehouse with the Special Interest Group at OpenAtom governance provides commonly used third-party public warehouses for developers in the open-source environment which brings great interoperability and compatibility with OpenHarmony-based operating systems. Apps does not require repeated built-in third-party dependencies, such as Chromium, Unity and Unreal Engine. This can greatly reduce the system ROM volume.[15]

Timeline

  • September 10, 2020 – Initial release of OpenHarmony with support for devices with 128 KB – 128 MB RAM
  • April 2021 – OpenHarmony release with support for smartphones and other devices with 128 MB – 4 GB RAM
  • October 2021 – OpenHarmony release with support for additional devices with 4+ GB RAM[16]

Hardware

OpenHarmony can be deployed on various hardware devices of ARM, RISC-V and x86 architectures with memory volumes ranging from as small as 128 KB up to more than 1 MB. It supports hardware devices with three types of system as follows:[17]

  • Mini system – running on such devices as connection modules, sensors, and wearables, with memory equal to or larger than 128 KB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-M and 32-bit RISC-V.
  • Small system – running on such devices as IP cameras, routers, event data recorders, with memory equal to or larger than 1 MB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-A.
  • Standard system – running on devices with enhanced interaction, 3D GPU, rich animations and diverse components, with memory equal to or larger than 128 MB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-A.

Compatibility certification

To ensure OpenHarmony-based devices are compatible and interoperable in the ecosystem, the OpenAtom Foundation has set up product compatibility specifications, with a Compatibility Working Group to evaluate and certify the products that are compatible with OpenHarmony.[18][19]

The following two types of certifications were published for the partners supporting the compatibility work, with the right to use the OpenHarmony Compatibility Logo on their certified products, packaging, and marketing materials.[20]

  1. Development boards, modules, and software distributions
  2. Equipment

On April 25, 2022, 44 products have obtained the compatibility certificates, and more than 80 software and hardware products are in the process of evaluation for OpenHarmony compatibility.[21]

Software development

See also: HarmonyOS version history

Since OpenHarmony was open source in September 2020 to December 2021, more than 1,200 developers and 40 organizations have participated in the open source project and contributed code. At present, OpenHarmony has developed to 4.x version.

Software version History
Version number Release date API level Main features
1.0 September 10, 2020 5 Support terminal devices with memory from 128KB to 128MB
1.1.0 long-term support version April 1, 2021 5 Add and upgrade subsystems to unify the artificial intelligence engine framework
2.0 Canary version June 1, 2021 6 Support smart terminal devices with more than 128MB of memory, and introduce the Linux kernel as the technical base
2.2 Beta version September 4, 2021 6 Possess typical distributed capabilities and media product development capabilities
3.0 long-term support version September 30, 2021 7 New features and functions for lightweight, small and standard systems
3.1 Beta version December 31, 2021 8-9 Enhance basic capabilities, system distribution capabilities, system application framework capabilities, and lightweight system capabilities, etc.
3.2 Beta version 1[22] May 31, 2022 8-9 Enhance the basic capabilities of lightweight and standard systems, the framework capabilities of standard system applications, and the application capabilities of standard systems
4.0 beta version 1[23] June 3, 2023 10 Improve the capabilities of the standard system and further improve the capabilities and effects of ArkUI components
4.0 release version October 26, 2023 10 A large number of ArkTS APIs have been added, and the scope of distributed hardware support has been expanded
4.1 beta 1 version January 1, 2024 11 New system capabilities by improving software architecture. Optimizations on ArkUI for component capabilities and effects. Enhancement on graphics window for dynamic effects and screen adaptation for different hardware. App framework improves extension capabilities, distributed soft bus connection, and more. Improvements to audio and camera frameworks on open-source code.[24]

Key Highlighted Features in beta 1:

  • Native device-side AI support for training interface and ArkTS interface for NNRt (Neural Network Runtime) backend configurations via MindSpore Lite AI framework.
  • New interfaces supporting custom cursor interaction, keystroke monitoring, and recognition of various gestures between touch, keyboard/mouse.
  • Support cleaning up redundant user credentials, vibration feedback for authentication failure, and dynamic fingerprint disabling function on various devices.
  • Various improvements in telephony such as SIM card text message management, roaming scenarios, and call interception framework.
  • Configuration support for pressing power button or closing the lid to sleep or turn off the screen.
  • Various features for power management, including wake-up reason retrieval and screen power status control.
  • Advanced animation capabilities such as support for hardware hollowing out, screen rounding, and navigation transition animation, especially with telephony devices and other various computing devices.
  • Installation, update, and also uninstallation of driver programs with menu configs and query capabilities in the system.
  • WebRTC capabilities improvement, CSS cursor style enhancement, and support for nested scrolling with Chromium version upgrades on CEF for OpenHarmony nweb software engine that takes advantage of Chromium web browser and Blink browser engine.[25]

Software distributions

OpenHarmony is the most active open source project hosted on the Gitee platform. As of September 2023, it has over 30 open-source software distributions compatible with OpenHarmony for various sectors such as education, finance, smart home, transportation, digital government and other industries.[26][27][28]

Oniro OS

On September 28, 2021, the Eclipse Foundation and the OpenAtom Foundation announced their intention to form a partnership to collaborate on OpenHarmony European distro.[29]

Oniro OS, which is implemented to be compatible with HarmonyOS, was later launched by the Eclipse Foundation in October 2021 for the global market with the founding members including Huawei, Linaro and Seco. Oniro is designed on the basis of open source and aims to be transparent, vendor-neutral, and independent system in the era of IoT.[30]

The operating system features a Linux Yocto kernel allows the OS to run on larger embedded devices, such as Raspberry Pi-class devices and a RTOS-based Zephyr kernel allows the OS to run on highly resource-constrained devices, such as a coffee maker or a thermostat. The goal is to increase the distro with partners that create their own OpenHarmony-Oniro compatible distros that increase interoperability which reduces fragmentation of diverse platforms with diverse set of hardwares.[31]

SwanLinkOS

Based on OpenHarmony, SwanLinkOS was released in June 2022 by Honghu Wanlian (Jiangsu) Technology Development, a subsidiary of iSoftStone, for the transportation industry. The operating system supports mainstream chipsets, such as Rockchip RK3399 and RK3568, and can be applied in transportation and shipping equipment for monitoring road conditions, big data analysis, maritime search and rescue.[32]

It was awarded the OpenHarmony Ecological Product Compatibility Certificate by the OpenAtom Foundation.[33]

OpenHarmony in Space

On January 6, 2022, OpenHarmony in Space (OHIS) by OHIS Working Group and Dalian University of Technology led by Yu Xiaozhou was reported to be a vital play in the future from a scientific and engineering point of view, expecting to open up opportunities for development in China's satellite systems, and surpass SpaceX’s Star Chain plan with the idea of micro-nano satellite technology.[34]

ZhihongmetaOS

On August 29, 2022, Hongyuan Zhitong Technology has recently released new software called ZhihongmetaOS, which stands on the surface of the OpenHarmony 3.1 build and has qualified the eligibility for the OpenHarmony 3.1 evaluation and gained the Ecological Product compatibility certificate. This OpenHarmony OS distribution works on higher security, strong business consistency, and improved performance for consumers targeted mainly for business or industrial users. It is reported that focused on OS optimization, component algorithms, industry consulting and planning, hardware design, and production. At the moment, ZhihongmetaOS V1.0 is only available in the public security sector in China. However, the company will soon extend the roots of the respective firmware to more industries. For instance, environmental protection, and water conservation.[35]

Orange Pi OS (OHOS)

On November 28, 2022, Orange Pi launched the Orange Pi OS based on the open-source OpenHarmony version.[36] In October 2023, they released the Orange Pi 3B board with the Orange Pi OHOS version for hobbyists and developers based on the OpenHarmony 4.0 Beta1 version.[37][38][39]

HiHopeOS

On January 12, 2023, Runhe Software launched HiHopeOS operating system based on OpenHarmony standard system. Runhe Software HH-SCDAYU800 development board powered by RISC-V for RISC-V based chips, supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, audio, video, and camera functions support multiple video input and output interfaces, and provides rich expansion interfaces. It is used for industrial control tablets, smart large screens, smart NVR, information release systems, cloud terminals, vehicle central control, and other scenarios, support medical imaging, video conferencing, home robots and drones, and other mid-to-high-end applications, and reportedly used in edge computing, artificial intelligence, image recognition, multimedia, and other fields of the high technology sector.[40]

USmartOS

On April 15, 2023, Tongxin Software became OpenAtom's OpenHarmony Ecological Partner.[41] An intelligent terminal operating system for enterprises in China by Tongxin Software was passed for compatibility certification on June 7, 2023. Tongxin intelligent terminal operating system supports ARM, X86, and other architectures that is supported. Tongxin has established cooperative relations with major domestic mobile chip manufacturers and has completed adaptations using the Linux kernel. Together with the desktop operating system and the server operating system, it constitutes the Tongxin operating system family.[42]

PolyOS Mobile

PolyOS Mobile is an AI IoT open-source operating system tailored for RISC-V intelligent terminal devices by the PolyOS Project based on OpenHarmony, which was released on August 30, 2023, and is available for QEMU virtualisation on Windows 10 and 11 desktop machines.[43]

KaihongOS

On November 17, 2023, Kaihong Technology and Leju Robot collaborated to release the world's first humanoid robot powered by the open-source OpenHarmony distro KaihongOS with Rockchip SoC hardware using RTOS kernel technology for industrial robotic machines with predictable response times in determinism.[44]

HarmonyOS NEXT

See also: HarmonyOS NEXT
HarmonyOS NEXT Architecture

Huawei officially announced the commercial proprietary HarmonyOS NEXT, microkernel-based core distributed operating system for HarmonyOS at Huawei Developer Conference 2023 (HDC) on August 4, 2023, which supports only native APP apps via Ark Compiler with Huawei Mobile Services (HMS) Core support. Based on modified OpenHarmony, HarmonyOS NEXT has the HarmonyOS microkernel at its core. It has no apk compatibility support.[45]

In the long term, as the company builds up the software root, the operating system is aimed to replace the current multikernel HarmonyOS from current Linux kernel on phones and tablets, cars, TVs and advanced wearables, alongside lightweight LiteOS kernel on basic wearables and various IoT smart devices. On the same day at HDC 2023, the developer preview version of HarmonyOS NEXT was opened for cooperating enterprise developers to build and test native mobile apps, as well as building up the kernel component in the TEE based microkernel architecture that has been open sourced at the Gitee code repository on the same day of launch.[46] It will be open to all developers in the first quarter of 2024 according to the official announcement.

On 18 January 2024, Huawei announced HarmonyOS NEXT Galaxy stable rollout will begin in Q4 2024 after Q2 Developer Beta after release of public developer access of HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 that has been in the hands of closed cooperative developers partners since August 2023 debut. The new system that will replace current HarmonyOS system for commercial Huawei consumer devices that can only run native HarmonyOS apps built for HarmonyOS and OpenHarmony.[47]

See also

References

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