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Vaganova method

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Agrippina Vaganova, founder of the Vaganova method, pictured in 1910.

The Vaganova method is a ballet technique and training system devised by the Russian dancer and pedagogue Agrippina Vaganova (1879–1951). It was derived from the teachings of the Premier Maître de Ballet Marius Petipa, throughout the late 19th century. It was Agrippa Vaganova who perfected and cultivated this form of teaching classical ballet and turned it into a viable syllabus.[1] The method fuses elements of traditional French style from the romantic era with the athleticism and virtuosity of Italian Cecchetti technique.[2] The training system is designed to involve the whole body in every movement, with equal attention paid to the upper body, legs and feet. Vaganova believed that this approach increases consciousness of the body, thus creating a harmony of movement and greater expressive range.[3]

History

Upon graduating from the Imperial Ballet School in Saint Petersburg in 1897, Agrippina Vaganova began dancing with the school's associated professional company, the Imperial Russian Ballet. She retired from dancing in 1916 to pursue a teaching career and in 1921 returned as a teacher at the school, which had been renamed the Leningrad Choreographic School.

During the 30 years she spent teaching at the Leningrad Choreographic School, Vaganova developed a ballet technique that combined elements of French, Italian, and earlier Russian technique, and a training method to teach the technique. Tenets of the training method included development of lower back strength and arm plasticity, and the strength, flexibility and endurance required for ballet, and it incorporated a detailed instruction process that specified when to teach each topic and how long to teach it. In 1934, Vaganova wrote Fundamentals of the Classical Dance, which remains a standard textbook for the instruction of ballet technique. In 1948, Vaganova authored a book titled The Foundation For Dance (more commonly known as Basic Principles of Russian Classical Dance) that outlined her training method and ballet technique. Following Vaganova's death in 1951, her teaching method was preserved by instructors such as Vera Kostrovitskaya and Vera Volkova.

Today the Vaganova method is the most widely used ballet teaching method in Russia. The spread of Vaganova method is not limited inside Russia. It has been widely used as the most prodominant ballet training method in many other countries' ballet schools, such as Ukraine, Germany[4] and China[5]. State Ballet School of Berlin is the most well-known ballet school that adopts Vaganova method outside Russia[4]. There is a growing trend among American ballet schools to adopt the Vaganova method as their training method[6].

Characteristics

The Vaganova training method relies on the following principle: That all training can be encompassed and displayed in the course of one grand pas de deux.[citation needed] Students are trained to prove this principle upon graduation, thus the reason for graduation performances in which the most talented students are given a grand pas de deux to perform.[citation needed]

The steps in Vaganova's syllabus builds on a carefully developed progression in which the "basic" or "preparatory" forms are mastered before the dancer moves on to more difficult forms. This can be understood as a codified technical approach when taught by qualified teachers following the syllabus closely. The syllabus is founded upon the idea that when a dancer is introduced to a step, he or she will have developed the correct strength in foundation in order for their steps and movements to be successful. It is understood that this strength-building requires time and consistent hard work.

Students at Vaganova-based schools are expected to take daily courses in ballet as well as character dance, modern dance, calisthenics/strengthening, and study dance history, music, and language.[citation needed] Ballet demands versatility and ballet students cannot rely solely on the study of classical ballet.

Terminology used in the Vaganova method often differs from other methods, and may also vary by locale. For example, the Vaganova "grand pas de chat" is commonly called "saut de chat" in the United States, and Vaganova's "battement jeté" is often called "dégagé" in other methods.

Students at Vaganova-based pre-professional schools are expected to also take courses in choreography and pedagogy.[citation needed] These two subjects allow students of all abilities to go on to become both choreographers and well trained teachers. Frequently, students who do not pass exams for their grade in ballet are redirected into training as choreographers and teachers. This is unique to Vaganova training,[citation needed] as other schools focus solely on a future in dancing.[citation needed]

Clothing requirements

Vaganova-based schools always have a strict and specially designed training clothing requirements for both girls and boys. Grishko is the official ballet clothing providers for Vaganova Academy, whose clothing style is regarded as a standard for professional dressing under Vaganova method. The Vaganova training method places great emphasis on muscle line shaping and basic skill training.[7] This requires students to wear training clothing in class that is tight-fitting and shows the muscle lines of arms, legs and neck to the maximum extent.

It is worth mentioning that the Vaganova training method particularly emphasizes the teacher’s unobstructed observation of naked muscles for beginners (usually 10-13 years old), which makes the clothing hugely different from other ballet methods.[7] The clothing requirement for first grade girls is no ballet tights, only sleeveless suspenders.[8] Starting in second grade, girls are required to start wearing white ballet tights.[9] Girls' clothing requirements vary every school year after second grade.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

In contrast, boys' clothing requirements are less varied. Boys in first and second grade are required to wear white tight-fitting sleeveless tank tops and navy blue briefs to assist the teachers' observation of muscle lines and tension[16][17], especially the muscles where the arms connect to the shoulders, and where the thighs connect to the pelvis. Starting from third grade, boys' clothes remain almost the same until the eighth grade, which are sleeved white T-shirt and tight gray tights.[18][19][20][21][22][23] The Vaganova training method's revealing clothing for boys is also one of the important obstacles to its promotion in the United States. American boys are much more shy about such clothes for low-graders. As a result, many American schools, including those adopt the Vaganova method, show much greater flexibility.[24]

References

  1. ^ "Ballet Teaching Methods". Russian Ballet History. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
  2. ^ "About the Vaganova Syllabus". Ballet Fantastique. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  3. ^ "The Vaganova Method". Web.grinnell.edu. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  4. ^ a b "Berlin's state ballet school faces abuse allegations – DW – 09/09/2020". dw.com. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  5. ^ Hernández, Javier C. (2022-07-28). "'Princes Can Be Asian, Too': A Dancer Breaks Barriers in Ballet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  6. ^ https://repository.tcu.edu/bitstream/handle/116099117/59361/Russell__Ashley-Honors_Project.PDF_A.pdf. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  7. ^ a b Vaganova, Agrippina. Basic Principles of Classical Ballet: Russian Ballet Technique.
  8. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  9. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  10. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  11. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  12. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  13. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  14. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  15. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  16. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  17. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  18. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  19. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  20. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  21. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  22. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  23. ^ "Vaganova Ballet Academy". Telegram. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  24. ^ "boys ballet costumes: Russia". histclo.com. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
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