User:Phlsph7/Semantics - Basic concepts
Basic concepts
Meaning
Semanicists often distinguish between different levels meaning. Word meaning is studied by lexical semantics and investigates the meaning of individual words. Sentence meanings falls into the field of phrasal semantics and examines the meaning of full sentences while utterance meaning[a] is studied by pragmatics and concerns the meaning of an expression on a particular occasion. The two come apart in cases where expressions are used in a non-literal way, as is often the case with irony.[1]
Reference
Truth
Semiotic triangle
Compositionality
Others
One problem in many disciplines that study language is that language is used at the same time to express their findings. To avoid this potential confusion, semanicists frequently differentiate between object language and metalanguage. The object language is the language that is being investigated and whose meanings are studied. The metalanguage is the language employed to describe the object language. For example, dictionaries use definitions to explain the meaning of terms. In this case, the term belongs to the object language while the definition is part of the metalanguage. [2]
According to one view, the meaning of an expression is the object it refers to. This view states that the meaning of the word 'bridge' are the physical structures that provide passage over a gap.[3] A different view holds that the meaning of a term are the mental phenomena, like the concepts and ideas associated with this term. [4]
Meaning and use[5]
Sources
- Cunningham, D. J. (2009). "Meaning, Sense, and Reference". In Allan, Keith (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Semantics. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-095969-6.
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- ^ Riemer 2010, pp. 21–22.
- ^ Riemer 2010, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Riemer 2010, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Riemer 2010, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Riemer 2010, p. 36.
- ^ Cunningham 2009, p. 526.