User:This is for writ2e/sandbox/Conductor Clashing

Conductor clashing is a phenomenon when two or more conductors(objects that allow the transmission of charge), such as electrical cables or power lines, come into contact with one another, leading to disturbances in the flow of electrical current. The contact between the conductors generates heat, resulting in the melting and vaporization of the conductor material. The buildup of pressure from the vaporized metal can transform into small, high-temperature molten metal particles, referred to as “sparks”. The sparks may then be carried away by the wind, potentially landing on nearby vegetation. Frequently, the sparks that land on vegetation start fires that occasionally grow and spread to produce wildfires that cover acres of surrounding areas.

Proper isolation or spacing of conductors is essential to prevent clashing and ensure the safe and efficient distribution of electricity. Understanding the process of the reactions and under what circumstances this event occurs can help prevent future incidents involving conductor collisions.

Causes

Conductor clashing can be attributed to several factors. Heavy winds or gusts during severe storms or hot weather conditions can result in the contact of two conductors, particularly where there is excess sag or other structural conditions that allow conductors to move into close proximity. Additionally, trees near wires may break and fall on them. Surrounding wildlife, such as birds, can also cause wires to sag and clash.

Furthermore, vehicular collisions with poles can result in pole leaning and subsequent wire clashing. Vandalism-related behaviors, such as hurling objects at power lines, can also cause wires to droop and collide. These factors play a crucial role in the occurrence of conductor clashing within power systems.

Effects and Consequences

Fire ignition resulting from conductor clashing has been a recurring issue worldwide, with numerous instances occurring in various countries. Such incidents can lead to significant environmental damage, such as forest fires, as well as substantial financial losses and, in some cases, pose potential threats to human lives.

An example of a conductor clashing catastrophe occurred in Western Australia on December 2nd, 2004. A 19.1 kV (kilovolt) conductor became dislodged from a pole-mounted insulator at the first pole and subsequently clashed with the underslung running earth conductor approximately 200 meters away. This collision led to a flashover, releasing hot metal particles (sparks) that ignited dry harvested stubble, which initiated the wildfire. During the fire, both the conductors broke, and the first ultimately failed due to structural deterioration and strong northerly winds. The property owner had previously reported a low-hanging power line conductor near the first pole, which, when both conductors fell and contacted the dividing fence, sparked the wildfire. The property owner estimated that approximately 468 hectares of land had been burned. In summary, the 19.1 kV conductor was knocked off its position due to strong wind conditions, causing a flashover and igniting the dry harvested stubble, ultimately leading to the wildfire.

Experiments and Results

${\rm {I}}_{{\rm {K}}2}^{\prime \prime }={{{\rm {c}}\cdot {\rm {U}}_{\rm {n}}} \over {{\rm {Z}}_{(1)}+{\rm {Z}}_{(2)}}}={{{\rm {c}}\cdot {\rm {U}}_{\rm {n}}} \over {2{\rm {Z}}_{(1)}}}$

References

number store:

I. Ramljak, M. Majstrović and E. Sutlović, "Statistical analysis of particles of conductor clashing," 2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON), Cavtat, Croatia, 2014, pp. 638-643, doi: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850494.

2. Sutlovic, E., Ramljak, I., & Majstrovic, M. (2019). Analysis of conductor clashing experiments. Electrical Engineering, 101(2), 467-476.

3. Rowntree, G. W. (1991). Aluminium conductor clashing (Doctoral dissertation).

4(10). Ramljak, I., Sutlović, E., & Majstrovic, M. Statistical analysis of conductor clashing particles in low-voltage distribution network.

5. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, Government of Western Australia “Electrical Incident Report”, 20 May 2005

6. “Asset health management,” Neara, https://neara.com/asset-health-management/ (accessed Oct. 18, 2023).

7. Majstrović, M., Sutlović, E., Ramljak, I., & Nižetić, S. (2018). Comparison of Aluminum and Copper Particle Critical Diameter Produced in Overhead Line Conductor Clashing. The Role of Exergy in Energy and the Environment, 13-25.

8. B. D. Russell, C. L. Benner and J. A. Wischkaemper, "Distribution feeder caused wildfires: Mechanisms and prevention," 2012 65th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, College Station, TX, USA, 2012, pp. 43-51, doi: 10.1109/CPRE.2012.6201220.

9. Blackburn, T. (1985) “Conductor Clashing Characteristics of Overhead Lines”. Available at: http://royalcommission.vic.gov.au/getdoc/4d6241e2-4b9f-4ea0-bc1c-6804f7d990a3/RESP.7000.003.0021.pdf (Accessed: 19 October 2023).

10. Elkateb, M. S. (1983). The behaviour of overhead conductors under short-circuit conditions (Doctoral dissertation, UNSW Sydney).

External links

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