User:Turtleumd123/Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
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Clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that consistent aerobic exercise, especially endurance exercise (e.g., marathon running), prevents the development of certain drug addictions and is an effective adjunct treatment for drug addiction, and psychostimulant addiction. Consistent aerobic exercise magnitude-dependently (i.e., by duration and intensity) reduces drug addiction risk, which appears to occur through the reversal of drug-induced, addiction-related neuroplasticity. One review noted that exercise may prevent the development of drug addiction by altering ΔFosB or c-Fos immunoreactivity in the striatum or other parts of the reward system. Aditionally, aerobic exercise decreases psychostimulant self-administration, reduces the reinstatement (i.e., relapse) of drug-seeking, and induces opposite effects on striatal dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) signaling (increased DRD2 density) to those induced by pathological stimulant use (decreased DRD2 density). Consequently, consistent aerobic exercise may lead to better treatment outcomes when used as an adjunct treatment for drug addiction. As of 2016, more clinical research is still needed to understand the mechanism and confirm the efficacy of exercise in drug addiction treatment and prevention.
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Exercise impacts the body in multiple ways and increases the blood flow throughout the human body. Exercise plays a huge role in strengthening both your muscles and bones. Exercise stimulates brain activity and also activates the nervous system. The nervous system is one of the body's most important functions because of its ability to regulate every process in the body. Exercise benefits the central nervous system by increasing blood flow, reducing inflammation, and stimulating the release of growth factors (https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/regular-exercise-changes-brain-improve-memory-thinking-skills-201404097110.
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While pursuing aerobic exercise, the body is increasing its oxygen consumption. The body is consuming more oxygen due to the demand that is coming from the muscles. This uptake in oxygen stimulates increased blood flow throughout the entire body, including the brain. Increased blood supply and flow are beneficial to the human body because they supply the muscles with new blood while also carrying the muscle waste back to the kidneys https://lifesciences.byu.edu/how-exercise-affects-your-brain. Exercise works to reduce inflammation by altering the activity of the brain's immune cells, which then reduces the inflammation in the brain. This is very important because brain inflammation can lead to severe infections and cognitive decline. Brain inflammation can damage the structure and functions of the brain as well, reducing overall brain activity. Exercise stimulates growth factors in the brain by making new connections between cells and also develops brain plasticity. This development of the brain is extremely important because it improves both cognition and mood, affected in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-exercise-affects-your-brain/