Terraform (software)
 |
 | |
| Original author(s) | Mitchell Hashimoto et al. |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | HashiCorp |
| Initial release | 28 July 2014 |
| Stable release | 1.5.5
/ 9 August 2023[1] |
| Repository | |
| Written in | Go |
| Operating system | Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, OpenBSD, Solaris, and Microsoft Windows |
| Available in | English |
| Type | Infrastructure as code |
| License | Business Source License v1.1[2](source-available) |
| Website | www |
Terraform is an infrastructure-as-code software tool created by HashiCorp. Users define and provide data center infrastructure using a declarative configuration language known as HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL), or optionally JSON.[3]
Design
Terraform manages external resources (such as public cloud infrastructure, private cloud infrastructure, network appliances, software as a service, and platform as a service) with "providers". HashiCorp maintains an extensive list of official providers, and can also integrate with community-developed providers.[4] Users can interact with Terraform providers by declaring resources[5] or by calling data sources.[6] Rather than using imperative commands to provision resources, Terraform uses declarative configuration to describe the desired final state. Once a user invokes Terraform on a given resource, Terraform will perform CRUD actions on the user's behalf to accomplish the desired state.[7] The infrastructure as code can be written as modules, promoting reusability and maintainability.[8]
Terraform supports a number of cloud infrastructure providers such as Amazon Web Services, Cloudflare,[9] Microsoft Azure, IBM Cloud, Serverspace, Selectel[10] Google Cloud Platform,[11] DigitalOcean,[12] Oracle Cloud Infrastructure,Yandex.Cloud,[13] VMware vSphere, and OpenStack.[14][15][16][17][18]
HashiCorp maintains a Terraform Module Registry, launched in 2017.[19] In 2019, Terraform introduced the paid version called Terraform Enterprise for larger organizations.[20]
License change
Terraform was previously open source and available under version 2.0 of the Mozilla Public License. This was abruptly changed on 10 August 2023 to the Business Source License v1.1, which is not open source but is instead source available. In response, a group of users created the OpenTF manifesto.[21] The group subsequently announced on 25 August that they would be forking Terraform as OpenTF based on the last available MPL-licensed version of the software code.[22]
References
- ^ "Releases - hashicorp/terraform". Retrieved 11 August 2023 – via GitHub.
- ^ "LICENSE" – via GitHub.
- ^ "Syntax - Configuration Language".
- ^ "Providers".
- ^ "Resources".
- ^ "Data Sources".
- ^ "Configuration".
- ^ "Modules".
- ^ "Cloudflare Provider". Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ^ "Selectel Provider". 2023-04-12.
- ^ "Google Cloud Platform Provider for Terraform". Retrieved 2017-02-05.
- ^ Starr-Bochicchio, Andrew (2018-10-22). "Introducing the DigitalOcean Terraform Provider". DigitalOcean Blog. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ "Yandex Cloud Provider". 2021-05-31.
- ^ "Terraform vs. Chef, Puppet, etc. - Terraform by HashiCorp". Terraform by HashiCorp. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
- ^ Bryant, Daniel (2017-03-26). "HashiCorp Terraform 0.9. Released with State Locking, State Environments, and Destroy Provisioners". InfoQ. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
- ^ Yevgeniy., Brikman (2017). Terraform Writing Infrastructure as Configuration. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 9781491977057. OCLC 978667796.
- ^ Somwanshi, Sneha (2015-03-01). "Choosing the Right Tool to Provision AWS Infrastructure". ThoughtWorks Blog.
- ^ Turnbull, James (2016). The Terraform Book. ISBN 9780988820258.
- ^ Atkins, Martin (2017-11-16). "HashiCorp Terraform 0.11". HashiCorp Blog. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ HashiCorp. "HashiCorp Terraform - Provision & Manage any Infrastructure". HashiCorp: Infrastructure enables innovation. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
- ^ OpenTF manifesto
- ^ OpenTF Announces Fork of Terraform