SAKO (programming language)

SAKO (PL: System Automatycznego Kodowania Operacji - EN: An Automatic Coding System) is a Polish language-based programming language written for the computers XYZ, ZAM-2, ZAM-21 and ZAM-41.

General features of the SAKO language:

• commands similar to sentences used in natural language
• shortened the time of learning the principles of programming
• easy to use, reduced coding time
• transparent program code, low probability of making a mistake

It had a static address allocation. It was possible to insert code in SAS macro assembler. The compilation proceeded in two stages:

1. From SAKO to SAS macro assembler.
2. From SAS to machine language.

The most characteristic feature of SAKO are Polish commands, e.g. CZYTAJ, SKOCZ DO. Designed primarily for programming numerical calculations.

Hello world

K) PROGRAM DRUKUJE NAPIS HELLO WORLD
   LINIA
   TEKST:
   HELLO WORLD
   KONIEC

References

• Prace Zakładu Aparatów Matematycznych PAN, "System Automatycznego Kodowania SAKO. Cz. 1, Opis języka", PAN – Warszawa 1961
• Leon Łukaszewicz, Antoni Mazurkiewicz "System automatycznego kodowania SAKO" Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Polish Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1966 r.
• "COMPUTERS AND CENTERS, OVERSEAS: 6. Instytut Maszyn Matematycznych, ZAM 2, Warsaw, Poland". Digital Computer Newsletter. 16 (1): 22–23. 1964. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018.
• Antoni Mazurkiewicz "Arithmetic Formulae and the Use of Subroutines in SAKO" Annual Review in Automatic Programming, Vol. 2
• Leon Łukaszewicz "SAKO — An Automatic Coding System" Annual Review in Automatic Programming, Vol. 2
• Władysław Turski "Some Results of Research on Automatic Programming in Eastern Europe" Advances in Computers, Vol. 5
• "Algorytmy" Vol. 1 No. 1, Institute of Mathematical Machines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw