User:Inventorfrog/Language reference
This is the subpage where I'm keeping tables or snippets of text for my own personal reference, copied from Wikipedia articles about the grammar of my target languages. If this somehow breaks a rule I wasn't aware of, please inform me rather than deleting it -- I spent a lot of time editing it!
Portuguese
Portuguese verb conjugation tables, edited down to only include features of Brazilian Portuguese:
Regular verbs
First conjugation (-ar)
| CANTAR | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | *Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | *Pluperfect[b] | *Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | canto | cantei | cantava | *cantara | *cantarei | *cantaria |
| 3rd | canta | cantou | cantava | *cantara | *cantará | *cantaria | |
| plural | 1st | cantamos | cantamos | cantávamos | *cantáramos | *cantaremos | *cantaríamos |
| 3rd | cantam | *cantaram | cantavam | *cantaram | *cantarão | *cantariam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | *Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | *Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | cante | tenha cantado | cantasse | tivesse cantado | *cantar | *cantar |
| 3rd | cante | tenha cantado | cantasse | tivesse cantado | *cantar | *cantar | |
| plural | 1st | cantemos | tenhamos cantado | cantássemos | tivéssemos cantado | *cantarmos | *cantarmos |
| 3rd | cantem | tenham cantado | cantassem | tivessem cantado | *cantarem | *cantarem | |
| Past participle | cantado | Imperative (3p. sing.) | cante | ||||
| Present participle[e] | cantante | Imperative (3p. plural) | cantem | ||||
| Gerund | cantando | Imperative (1p. plural) | cantemos | ||||
Second conjugation (-er)
| COMER | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | *Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | *Pluperfect[b] | *Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | como | comi | comia | *comera | *comerei | *comeria |
| 3rd | come | comeu | comia | *comera | *comerá | *comeria | |
| plural | 1st | comemos | comemos | comíamos | *comêramos | *comeremos | *comeríamos |
| 3rd | comem | *comeram | comiam | *comeram | *comerão | *comeriam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | *Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | *Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | coma | tenha comido | comesse | tivesse comido | *comer | *comer |
| 3rd | coma | tenha comido | comesse | tivesse comido | *comer | *comer | |
| plural | 1st | comamos | tenhamos comido | comêssemos | tivéssemos comido | *comermos | *comermos |
| 3rd | comam | tenham comido | comessem | tivessem comido | *comerem | *comerem | |
| Past participle | comido | Imperative (3p. sing.) | coma | ||||
| Present participle[e] | -- | Imperative (3p. plural) | comam | ||||
| Gerund | comendo | Imperative (1p. plural) | comamos | ||||
Third conjugation (-ir)
| PARTIR | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | *Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | *Pluperfect[b] | *Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | parto | parti | partia | *partira | *partirei | *partiria |
| 3rd | parte | partiu | partia | *partira | *partirá | *partiria | |
| plural | 1st | partimos | partimos | partíamos | *partíramos | *partiremos | *partiríamos |
| 3rd | partem | *partiram | partiam | *partiram | *partirão | *partiram | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | *Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | *Pluperfect | *Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | parta | tenha partido | partisse | tivesse partido | *partir | *partir |
| 3rd | parta | tenha partido | partisse | tivesse partido | *partir | *partir | |
| plural | 1st | partamos | tenhamos partido | partíssemos | tivéssemos partido | *partirmos | *partirmos |
| 3rd | partam | tenham partido | partissem | tivessem partido | *partirem | *partirem | |
| Past participle | partido | Imperative (3p. sing.) | parta | ||||
| Present participle[e] | -- | Imperative (3p. plural) | partam | ||||
| Gerund | partindo | Imperative (1p. plural) | partamos | ||||
*Forms marked by an asterisk are derived directly from the infinitive (in some cases with extra spice added on).
The pluperfect, future, conditional, and personal infinitives of regular verbs are ALWAYS derived directly from the infinitive (except for the subjunctive pluperfect).
Irregular verbs
fazer
| FAZER | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | faço | fiz | fazia | fizera | farei | faria |
| 3rd | faz | fez | fazia | fizera | fará | faria | |
| plural | 1st | fazemos | fizemos | fazíamos | fizéramos | faremos | faríamos |
| 3rd | fazem | fizeram | faziam | fizeram | farão | fariam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | *Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | faça | tenha feito | fizesse | tivesse feito | fizer | *fazer |
| 3rd | faça | tenha feito | fizesse | tivesse feito | fizer | *fazer | |
| plural | 1st | façamos | tenhamos feito | fizéssemos | tivéssemos feito | fizermos | *fazermos |
| 3rd | façam | tenham feito | fizessem | tivessem feito | fizerem | *fazerem | |
| Past participle | feito | Imperative (3p. sing.) | feito | ||||
| Present participle[e] | faciente | Imperative (3p. plural) | faciente | ||||
| Gerund | fazendo | Imperative (1p. plural) | fazendo | ||||
| Tense | Basic | Progressive | Perfect | Perfect progressive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | faço | estou fazendo | tenho feito | tenho estado fazendo |
| Past | fiz | estava fazendo | tinha feito | tinha estado fazendo |
| Future | farei | estarei fazendo | terei feito | terei estado fazendo |
| TER | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | tenho | tive | tinha | tivera | terei | teria |
| 3rd | tem | teve | tinha | tivera | terá | teria | |
| plural | 1st | temos | tivemos | tínhamos | tivéramos | teremos | teríamos |
| 3rd | têm | tiveram | tinham | tiveram | terão | teriam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | tenha | tenha tido | tivesse | tivesse tido | tiver | ter |
| 3rd | tenha | tenha tido | tivesse | tivesse tido | tiver | ter | |
| plural | 1st | tenhamos | tenhamos tido | tivéssemos | tivéssemos tido | tivermos | termos |
| 3rd | tenham | tenham tido | tivessem | tivessem tido | tiverem | terem | |
| Past participle | tido | Imperative (3p. sing.) | ? | ||||
| Present participle[e] | ? | Imperative (3p. plural) | ? | ||||
| Gerund | tendo | Imperative (1p. plural) | ? | ||||
| SER | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | sou | fui | era | fora | serei | seria |
| 3rd | é | foi | era | fora | será | seria | |
| plural | 1st | somos | fomos | éramos | fôramos | seremos | seríamos |
| 3rd | são | foram | eram | foram | serão | seriam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | seja | tenha sido | fosse | tivesse sido | for | ser |
| 3rd | seja | tenha sido | fosse | tivesse sido | for | ser | |
| plural | 1st | sejamos | tenhamos sido | fôssemos | tivéssemos sido | formos | sermos |
| 3rd | sejam | tenham sido | fossem | tivessem sido | forem | serem | |
| Past participle | sido | Imperative (3p. sing.) | seja | ||||
| Present participle[e] | ente (sente????? typo?) | Imperative (3p. plural) | ? | ||||
| Gerund | sendo | Imperative (1p. plural) | ? | ||||
| ESTAR | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | estou | estive | estava | estivera | estarei | estaria |
| 3rd | está | esteve | estava | estivera | estará | estaria | |
| plural | 1st | estamos | estivemos | estávamos | estivéramos | estaremos | estaríamos |
| 3rd | estão | estiveram | estavam | estiveram | estarão | estariam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | esteja | tenha estado | estivesse | tivesse estado | estiver | estar |
| 3rd | esteja | tenha estado | estivesse | tivesse estado | estiver | estar | |
| plural | 1st | estejamos | tenhamos estado | estivéssemos | tivéssemos estado | estivermos | estarmos |
| 3rd | estejam | tenham estado | estivessem | tivessem estado | estiverem | estarem | |
| Past participle | estado | Imperative (3p. sing.) | ? | ||||
| Present participle[e] | Imperative (3p. plural) | ? | |||||
| Gerund | estando | Imperative (1p. plural) | ? | ||||
| HAVER | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | hei | houve | havia | houvera | haverei | haveria |
| 3rd | há | houve | havia | houvera | haverá | haveria | |
| plural | 1st | havemos | houvemos | havíamos | houvéramos | haveremos | haveríamos |
| 3rd | hão | houveram | haviam | houveram | haverão | haveriam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | haja | tenha havido | houvesse | tivesse havido | houver | haver |
| 3rd | haja | tenha havido | houvesse | tivesse havido | houver | haver | |
| plural | 1st | hajamos | tenhamos havido | houvéssemos | tivéssemos havido | houvermos | havermos |
| 3rd | hajam | tenham havido | houvessem | tivessem havido | houverem | haverem | |
| Past participle | havido | Imperative (3p. sing.) | ? | ||||
| Present participle[e] | -- | Imperative (3p. plural) | ? | ||||
| Gerund | havendo | Imperative (1p. plural) | ? | ||||
| PÔR | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | ponho | pus | punha | pusera | porei | poria |
| 3rd | põe | pôs | punha | pusera | porá | poria | |
| plural | 1st | pomos | pusemos | púnhamos | puséramos | poremos | poríamos |
| 3rd | põem | puseram | punham | puseram | porão | poriam | |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | ? | tenha X | ? | tivesse X | ? | ? |
| 3rd | ? | tenha X | ? | tivesse X | ? | ? | |
| plural | 1st | ? | tenhamos X | ? | tivéssemos X | ? | ? |
| 3rd | ? | tenham X | ? | tivessem X | ? | ??? | |
| Past participle | posto | Imperative (3p. sing.) | ? | ||||
| Present participle[e] | ? | Imperative (3p. plural) | ? | ||||
| Gerund | pondo | Imperative (1p. plural) | ? | ||||
| BLANK TEMPLATE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | ||||||
| 3rd | |||||||
| plural | 1st | ||||||
| 3rd | |||||||
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | tenha X | tivesse X | ||||
| 3rd | tenha X | tivesse X | |||||
| plural | 1st | tenhamos X | tivéssemos X | ||||
| 3rd | tenham X | tivessem X | |||||
| Past participle | Imperative (3p. sing.) | ||||||
| Present participle[e] | Imperative (3p. plural) | ||||||
| Gerund | Imperative (1p. plural) | ||||||
BLANK TEMPLATE
| BLANK TEMPLATE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | person | Indicative mood | Conditional[a] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect[b] | Future[c] | |||
| singular | 1st | ||||||
| 3rd | |||||||
| plural | 1st | ||||||
| 3rd | |||||||
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive[d] | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future[d] | |||
| singular | 1st | tenha X | tivesse X | ||||
| 3rd | tenha X | tivesse X | |||||
| plural | 1st | tenhamos X | tivéssemos X | ||||
| 3rd | tenham X | tivessem X | |||||
| Past participle | Imperative (3p. sing.) | ||||||
| Present participle[e] | Imperative (3p. plural) | ||||||
| Gerund | Imperative (1p. plural) | ||||||
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