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Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Ljleppan (talk | contribs) at 21:47, 21 June 2023 ({{or inline}} - As far as I can tell, neither ref says the AMAP is "of the highest relevance to policy makers in Arctic nations" or similar.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, which was established in 1991, is an Arctic Council Working Group,[1] whose main function is to advise the governments of the eight Arctic member nations[2]—Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. on environment-related issues such as pollution.[2] A 2022 European Climate Adaptation Platform Climate (Climate-ADAPT) document described the AMAP's work as a cooperative effort involving scientists and indigenous peoples, as well as representatives of the eight nations.[2]

History

In 1989, discussions began between the eight Arctic nations—Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia—then the Soviet Union, Sweden and the United States, which resulted in the establishment of the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS) in June 1991 in Rovaniemi, Finland[3] as part of the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS).[1][4]

In 1996, AMAP became one of the newly established Arctic Council's five Working Groups.[4]

In 2003, the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) assisted the AMAP in the preparation of its circumpolar assessment.[5]

The AMAP undertakes a mercury assessment every ten years.[6][7] The AMAP has collaborated on two of the four peer-reviewed Global Mercury Assessments undertaken by the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment), including the report published in 2019.[8] These assessments are of the highest relevance to policy makers in Arctic nations.[9][8][a] [original research?]

In a 2022 Nature Reviews Earth & Environment article AMAP researchers reported that "200 tonnes of mercury end up in the Arctic Ocean" every year.[6][7] In the 2010s, scientists focused on mercury contamination caused by human activities. By 2022, understanding of sources of mercury entering the ocean has become more refined—with one third coming from the atmosphere, 25% from ocean currents, 20% from river flows, and 20% from coastal erosion. The significant amount of mercury released from permafrost as it thaws raises concerns about ingestion of mercury by polar bears, pilot whales, narwhals, beluga and hooded seals—the source of food for Inuit in the Arctic.[7]

Mandate

The AMAP monitors and assesses components of the AEPS. Starting in 1996, AMAP focused its monitoring and assessments in the Arctic on chemical and radioactive contaminants.[3]

Organization

By 1997 Norway chaired the AMAP.[3]

Geographical coverage

AMAP's research covers the High Arctic and sub-Arctic regions in the circumpolar Arctic.[10]

Notes

  1. ^ In 2002, the UN Environment published the first Global Mercury Assessment—the second in 2008, the third in 2013, and the fourth in 2018. The scientific basis for the Minamata Convention on Mercury—that came into force in August 2017—was provided by these reports.

Citations

  1. ^ a b About AMAP n.d.
  2. ^ a b c Climate-ADAPT 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Russell 1996.
  4. ^ a b AMAP Structure n.d.
  5. ^ ICC AMAP n.d.
  6. ^ a b Dastoor et al. 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Lamberink 2022.
  8. ^ a b UN Environment 2019.
  9. ^ Outridge et al. 2018.
  10. ^ AMAP Geographical coverage n.d.

See also

References

A

  • "About". Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. nd. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  • "Geographical coverage". Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. nd. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  • "Geographical coverage". Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. nd. Retrieved 20 June 2023.

C

D

  • Dastoor, Ashu; Angot, Hélène; Bieser, Johannes; Christensen, Jesper; Douglas, Thomas; Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric (1 March 2022). "Arctic mercury cycling". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3: 270–286. doi:10.1038/s43017-022-00269-w. Retrieved 20 June 2023.

I

L

O

R

U

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